On-line academic journal of the Association of Alumni in Modern Languages and Literatures (ALL), University of Udine ISSN 1824-5226 It is the first scientific journal in the field of humanities at the University of Udine and is rated "Class A" by Anvur (Italian National Agency for the Evaluation of Universities and Research Institutes). Le Simplegadi began publication in 2003. The journal seeks to disseminate research in modern languages and literatures, particularly anglophone. The publication is open to innovative contributions which can promote ‘equalitarian’ and collaborative principles and practices towards individuals, societies, literatures and cultures from a multiplicity of points of view (hybridisation of languages and literatures, migrant writing, intercultural and transcultural identities and subjectivities, post-colonial studies, subaltern studies, and related areas). The main aim is to foster critical resistance towards hegemonic and hierarchical models of culture, and positively promote, as viable alternatives, discourse practices of partnership and mutuality. Le Simplegadi is an open access journal, DOAJ approved in recognition of the high level of openness, best practice and high publishing standards. The journal is included in ERIHPlus, AUSTLIT, Harvard, GIGA, Google Scholar, Sherpa/roMEO. Editor-in-Chief Antonella Riem This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-151
This Thing of Darkness I (Now) Acknowledge Mine
DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-152
More than Language and Literature: Postcolonial Connections and Linguistic Paradigms in Hansda Sowvendra Shekhar’s Indian English Fiction
This article investigates the interdisciplinary connections between language and literature in the Indian postcolonial context. I argue that a linguistic approach to contemporary Indian English fiction is useful to unpack complex cultural, social and identitarian questions. As a case study, I analyse some of the short stories from The Adivasi Will Not Dance (2017) by Hansda Sowvendra Shekhar, a contemporary author from a marginalised ethnic group of rural India. My methodology benefits from postcolonial studies, sociolinguistics and critical stylistics, to show how Shekhar reshapes the canon by foregrounding Indian English, borrowings from the Santhali language and registers of specialised discourse. DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-155 Keywords Language and literature, Indian English, identity, Hansda Sowvendra Shekhar, Adivasi. Bibliography Auddy, Ranjan Kumar. 2020. In Search of Indian English. History, Politics and Indigenisation. Abingdon: Routledge. Ashcroft, Bill. 2009. Caliban’s Voice. The Transformation of English in Post-Colonial Literatures. London: Routledge. Bandyopadhyay, Sumana. 2010. Indianisation of English. Analysis of Linguistic Features in Selected Post-1980 Indian English Fiction. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. Bendi, Jaskiran. 2020. English Language in India. A Dichotomy between Economic Growth and Inclusive Growth. Abingdon: Routledge. Census of India 2011 https://censusindia.gov.in/2011-common/censusdata2011.html (consulted on 13/05/2020). Chakraborty, Abin. 2017. Examining Subalterneity in Hansda Sowvendra Sekhar’s The Adivasi Will Not Dance. Postcolonial Text, 12, 1: 1-15. Chandra, Bipan, Mridula Mukherjee & Aditya Mukherjee. 2008. India since Independence. Gurgaon: Penguin Random House India. Choksi, Nishaant. 2017. From Language to Script: Graphic Practice and the Politics of Authority in Santali-language Print Media, Eastern India. Modern Asian Studies, 51, 5: 1519-1560. Denke, Charles Ngiewih. 2013. The Vulnerability of Imperial Language as a Transformational Tool in Postcolonial Transcultural Discourse. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 2, 3: 71-81. Jaydeep, Sarangi. 2018. Indian Novels in English. Texts, Contexts and Language. New Delhi: Authors Press. Jeffrey, Craigg & John Harriss. 2014. Keywords for Modern India. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kachru, Yamuna & Larry E. Smith. 2008. Cultures, Contexts and World Englishes. New York: Routledge. Oxford English Dictionary online. 2020. www.oed.com (consulted on 12/05/2020). Sailaja, Pingali. 2009. Indian English. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Shekhar, Hansda Sowvendra. 2015. The Adivasi will not Dance. New Delhi: Speaking Tiger. Spivak, Gayatri. 1988. Can the Subaltern Speak? Nelson Cary & Lawrence Grossberg eds. Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture. Urbana (ILL): University of Illinois Press, 271-313. Talib, Ismail. 2002. The Language of Postcolonial Literatures. London: Routledge. Tripathi, 2017. The Adivasi Will Not Dance: Stories by Hansda Sowvendra Shekhar. Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 9, 4: 193-196. Varughese, E. Dawson. 2013. Reading New India. Post-Millennial Indian Fiction in English. London: Bloomsbury. Wales, Katie. 1995. A Dictionary of Stylistics. London: Longman.
Narrative Form and Palimpsestic Memory in Namwali Serpell’s The Old Drift
This essay explores Namwali Serpell’s debut novel The Old Drift (2019) through the lens of ‘palimpsestic memory’, contending that the novel articulates an interconnectedness between memory and migration. Firstly, I will investigate how the tension between aeonic temporality and some paratextual elements that attempt to install order and direct the reader’s orientation mimic and resonate with the intricate motif of the palimpsest. Then, I will illustrate how the alternation between extradiegetic and intradiegetic narration and the format of the multigenerational novel contribute to create a palimpsestic tale where several generations and different stories are inextricably intertwined, generating a spiral pattern where the multiple and invisible trajectories of temporality are refracted and eventually converge. DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-159 Keywords Palimpsestic memory, migration, narrative form, postcolonial fiction, allegory. Bibliography Basile, Giambattista. 2007 [1634]. Pentamerone. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. Benjamin, Walter. 1999. The Arcades Project. Cambridge (MA): Belknap Press. Bhabha, Homi. 1992. The World and the Home. Social Text, 31-32: 141-153. Booker, Keith M. 2009. The African Historical Novel. Abiola Irele ed. The Cambridge Companion to the African Novel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 141-157. Creet, Julia. 2011. Introduction: The Migration of Memory and Memories of Migration. Creet, Julia & Andreas Kitzmann eds. Memory and Migration: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Memory Studies. Toronto: Toronto University Press, 3-25. Deleuze, Gilles. 1990. The Logic of Sense. New York: Columbia University Press. Dery, Mark. 1994. Black to the Future: Interviews with Samuel R. Delaney, Greg Tate and Tricia Rose. Mark Dery ed. Flame Wars: The Discourse of Cyberculture. Durham: Duke University Press, 179-222. Doolittle, Hilda. 1968 [1926]. Palimpsest. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. Erll, Astrid. 2017. Fictions of Generational Memory: Caryl Philips’s In the Falling Snow and Black British Writing in Times of Mnemonic Transition. Lucy Bond, Stef Craps & Peter Vermeulen eds. Memory Unbound: Tracing the Dynamics of Memory Studies. New York: Berghahn Books, 109-130. Heaney, Seamus. 2016. Aeneid Book VI. London: Faber & Faber. Owens, Craig. 1980. The Allegorical Impulse: Toward a Theory of Postmodernism. October, 13: 58-80. Quayson, Ato. 2009. Magic Realism and the African Novel. Abiola Irele ed. The Cambridge Companion to the African Novel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 159-176. Rothberg, Michael. 2009. Multidirectional Memory: Remembering the Holocaust in the Age of Decolonization. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Rushdie, Salman. 2019. Salman Rushdie Reviews a Sweeping Debut Novel about the Roots of Modern Zambia. The New York Times (March, 28), https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/28/books/review/old-drift-salman-rushdie.html (consulted on 20/05/2020). Serpell, Namwali. 2014. The Sack. Ellah Wakatama Allfrey ed. Africa 39: New Writing from Africa South of the Sahara. London: Bloomsbury, 288-297. Serpell, Namwali. 2019a. Interview with Namwali Serpell. Big Echo, www.bigecho.org/interview-with-namwali-serpell (consulted on 25/05/2020). Serpell, Namwali. 2019b. The Old Drift. London: Penguin. Silverman, Max. 2013. Palimpsestic Memory: The Holocaust and Colonialism in French and Francophone Fiction and Film. New York-Oxford: Berghahn Books. Slemon, Stephen. 1988. Magic Realism as Post-Colonial Discourse. Canadian Literature, 116: 9-24. The 2015 Short List: Namwali Serpell. The Caine Prize for African Writing, http://caineprize.com/2015-caine-prize (consulted on 15/05/2020). Upstone, Sara. 2009. Spatial Politics in the Postcolonial Novel. Farnham: Ashgate.
Depression on a Screen. “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” in the Light of Cognitive Theories of Depression
This article analyses “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” in the light of the American psychiatrist A. T. Beck’s diagnostic criteria and cognitive theories for interpreting and evaluating symptoms and levels of depression. This study aims to show that many symptoms listed in Beck’s Inventory for Measuring Depression (sixteen out of twenty-one) are recognizable – at different levels of signifier and signified – in both the poetical structure and the imagery of the poem, whereas specific aspects included in Cognitive Therapy of Depression (for instance, the cognitive process defined by Beck as “Faulty Information Processing” and two crucial points of this process, “Selective abstraction” and “Arbitrary inference”) are identifiable in some of the most relevant figurative isotopies of the poem. DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-154 Keywords Prufrock, Beck, Modernism, psychology, depression. Bibliography Beck, Aaron T., C. H. Ward, M. Mendelson, J. Mock, & J. Erbaugh. 1961. An Inventory for Measuring Depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 4: 561-571. Beck, Aaron T., A. John Rush, Brian F. Shaw & Gary Emery. 1979. Cognitive Therapy of Depression. New York: The Guildford Press. Calimani, Dario. 1998. T. S. Eliot. Le geometrie del disordine. Napoli: Liguori. Crivelli, Renzo Stefano. 2015. T. S. Eliot. Roma: Salerno Editrice. Eiss, Harry. 2016. The Joker. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Eliot, Thomas Stearns. 1962. An Interview. Grantite Review, 24, 3: 17. Eliot, Thomas Stearns. 2018. The Poems of T. S. Eliot, Volume I, Collected and Uncollected Poems. Cristopher Ricks & Jim MacCue eds. London: Faber & Faber. Goodwin, Frederick K. & Kay Redfield Jamison. 2007 [2nd ed.]. Manic-Depressive Illness: Bipolar Disorders and Recurrent Depression. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kenner, Hugh. 1978 [1960]. “Prufrock”. Brian Charles Southam ed. “Prufrock”, “Gerontion”, Ash Wednesday and Other Shorter Poems. A Selection of Critical Essays. London: MacMillan, 127-134. Paige, Douglas D. ed. 1971. The Selected Letters of Ezra Pound. 1907-1941. New York: New Directions. Perry, Seamus, 2016 (May, 25), https://www.bl.uk/20th-century-literature/articles/a-close-reading-of-the-love-song-of-j-alfred-prufrock (consulted on 20/02/2020). Plato. 1973. Phaedrus and Letters VII and VIII. (trans. Walter Hamilton). Harmondsworth: Penguin. Schuchard, Ronald. 2017. Eliot’s Allusive Legacy and Obscurity in “Prufrock”. John D. Morgestern ed. The T. S. Eliot Studies Annual. Liverpool: Clemson University Press - Liverpool University Press. Wellek, René & Warren Austin. 1978 [1949]. Theory of Literature. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Michael Field: spazi poetici alternativi attraverso ispirazioni ecfrastiche
The allure of the connection between literature, journey and the sister arts interlaces with the endeavours of human beings and with the act of writing about it, of transforming it into a story and sharing it with others (Pantini 1999). The poems included in the collection Sight and Song (1892) by Michael Field, male pseudonym of authoresses Katherine Harris Bradley and her niece Edith Emma Cooper, not only manage to celebrate the affiliation between literature and the figurative arts, but they also become a verbal representation of the visual art, namely of that ékphrasis deemed to be as an exchange between visual and textual cultures. In this analysis, the revolutionary ekphrastic inspiration of the two authoresses will validate the possibility of observing art and reality in a different way and translating it into poetic texts so as to allow the rise of that political capability of subverting Victorian identities and social hierarchies. DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-158 Keywords Michael Field, ékphrasis, Sight and Song. Bibliography Abbatecola, Emanuela & Luigia Stagi. 2017. Pink is the new black. Stereotipi di genere nella scuola dell’infanzia. Torino: Rosemberg & Sellier. Ashbee, Charles Robert. 1863-1942. 7 letters to Sir William Rothenstein; 1904-1932. Sir William Rothenstein Correspondence and Other Papers, 1887-1957. MS Eng 1148 (32). Houghton Library, Harvard University, https://digitalcollections.library.harvard.edu/catalog? page=2&q=Rothenstein&search_field=all_fields (consulted on 27/04/2020). Barthes, Roland. 1985. L’ovvio e l’ottuso. Torino: Einaudi. Bickle, Sharon. 2008. The Fowl and the Pussycat: Love Letters of Michael Field. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. Borghi, Rachele & Antonella Rondinone (a cura di). 2009. Geografie di genere. Milano: Unicopli. Butler, Judith. 1993. Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of “Sex”. New York: Routledge. Butler, Judith. 2004. Undoing Gender. New York: Routledge. Butler, Judith. 2006. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge. Creed, Barbara. 1995. Lesbian Bodies: Tribades, Tomboys and Tarts. E. Grosz & E. Probyn eds. Sexy Bodies: The Strange Carnalities of Feminism. London: Routledge, 111-124. Donoghue, Emma. 2014. We Are Michael Field. Bath: Absolute Press. Ehnenn, Jill R. 2004. Looking Strategically: Feminist and Queer Aesthetics in Michael Field’s “Sight and Song”. Victorian Poetry, 42, 3: 213-259. Ehnenn, Jill R. 2008. Women’s Literary Collaboration, Queerness, and Late-Victorian Culture. Aldershot: Ashgate. Field, Michael. 1892. Sight and Song. London: Elkin Matheus & John Lane. Field, Michael. 1933. Works and Days. Thomas Sturge Moore & D. C. Sturge Moore eds. London: John Murray. Fara, Patricia. 2008. Educating Mary: Women and Scientific Literature in the Early Nineteenth Century. Christa Knellwolf & Jane Goodall eds. Essays on Frankenstein. Ashgate: Aldershot, 17-32. Gorham, Deborah. 2013. The Victorian Girl and the Feminine Ideal. London: Routledge. Kennedy, David & Richard Meek. 2019. Ekphrastic Encounters: New Interdisciplinary Essays on Literature and the Visual Arts. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Leighton, Angela. 1992. Victorian Women Poets: Writing Against the Heart. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim. 2002. Laocoonte. M. Cometa (a cura di). Palermo: Aesthetica. Lotman, Jurij Mihajlovic. 1998. Il girotondo delle muse: saggi sulla semiotica e sulla rappresentazione delle arti. Bergamo: Moretti & Vitali. Lysack, Krista. 2008. Come Buy, Come Buy: Shopping and the Culture of Consumption in Victorian Women’s Writing. Athens: Ohio University Press. Meyer, Shapiro. 2002. Per una semiotica del linguaggio visivo, Roma: Meltemi. Mirzoeff, Nicholas. 1999. An Introduction to Visual Culture. New York: Routledge [2002. Introduzione alla cultura visuale. Roma: Meltemi]. Mitchell, Thomas W. J. 1994. Picture Theory. Essays on Verbal and Visual Representation. Chicago: Chicago University Press. Pantini, Emilia. 1999. La letteratura e le altri arti. Armando Gnisci (a cura di). Introduzione alla letteratura comparata. Milano: Mondadori, 91-114. Parker, Sarah & Ana Parejo Vadillo. 2019. Michael Field: Decadent Moderns. Athens: Ohio University Press. Pfister, Manfred. 1993. The Dialogue of Text and Image: Tapies Antoni and Kiefer. Von Klaus Dirscherl ed. Bild Und Text Im Dialog / Hrsg. Passau: Rothe, 321-343. Pfister, Manfred. 1996. The Fatal Gift of Beauty: The Italies of British Travellers: An Annotated Anthology. Amsterdam: Rodopi. Robins, Anna Gruetzner. 2019. A Woman’s Touch: Michael Field, Botticelli and Queen Desire. A. Debenedetti & C. Elam eds. Botticelli Past and Present. London: UCL Press, 148-160. Segre, Cesare. 2003. La pelle di San Bartolomeo. Discorso e tempo dell’arte. Torino: Einaudi. Sofocle, 2014. Tutte le tragedie. Ettore Romagnoli (trad. italiana). L’Aquila: Rea Edizioni. Thain, Marion & Ana Parejo Vadillo. 2009. Michael Field, the Poet. Claremont: Broadview Press. Treby, Ivor. 2000. Music and Silence: the Gamut of Michael Field. Suffolk: De Blackland Press. Varga, Kibédi A. 1989. Criteria for Describing Word-and-Image Relations. Poetics Today, 10, 1: 31-53. Vicinus, Martha. 1994. The Adolescent Boy: Fin De Siècle Femme Fatale? Journal of the History of Sexuality, 5, 1: 90-114. Vicinus, Martha. 2005. ‘Sister Souls’: Bernard Berenson and Michael Field (Katherine Bradley and Edith Cooper). Nineteenth-Century Literature, 60, 3: 326-354. Walter, Christina. 2014. Optical Impersonality: Science, Images, and Literary Modernism. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press. Wethey, Harold Edwin. 1987. Titian and his Drawings. With Reference to Giorgione and Some Close Contemporaries. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
La rinascita della tragedia dallo spirito del blues nel teatro di August Wilson
Born in 1945 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, August Wilson was the most prolific and represented African American playwright of the twentieth century. His Century Cycle, a series of ten plays that chronicle the lives of African Americans from the early 1900s to the late 1990s, is an expression of Wilson’s spiritual realism, a form of drama that, while adhering to some conventions of the Western realist tradition, also introduces elements of innovation inspired by blues music and Yoruba cosmology. This essay analyses the double cultural genealogy of Wilson’s work to show how, despite respecting the Aristotelian principle of mìmesis, his playwriting draws on a quintessentially black aesthetic. In conceiving of theatre as a ritualistic performative context where music and words intertwine, Wilson restored what Friedrich Nietzsche regarded as the authentic spirit of Greek tragedy – the harmony between Dionysian and Apollonian – while at the same time injecting an African American ethos into the Western theatrical canon. DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-163 Keywords August Wilson, tragedia, blues, Yoruba, Nietzsche. Bibliography Antonelli, Sara. 2005. Il Black English. Anna Scacchi (a cura di). La Babele americana. Lingue e identità negli Stati Uniti d’oggi. Roma: Donzelli, 145-161. Aristotele. 1998. Poetica. Traduzione e introduzione di Guido Paduano. Roma-Bari: Editori Laterza. Benston, Kimberly W. 1975. Tragic Aspects of the Blues. Phylon, 36, 2: 164-176. Burian, Peter. 1997. Myth into Muthos: The Shaping of Tragic Plot. Patricia Elizabeth Easterling ed. The Cambridge Companion to Greek Drama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 178-208. Caporaletti, Vincenzo. 2002. Prefazione del curatore. Ring Shout. Rivista di Studi Musicali Afroamericani, 1, 1: 5-10. Christian, Barbara. 1988. The Race for Theory. Feminist Studies, 14, 1: 67-79. Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt. 2015 [1903]. The Souls of Black Folk. Jonathan Scott Holloway ed. New Haven: Yale University Press. Falola, Toyin & Matt D. Childs. 2004. The Yoruba Diaspora in the Atlantic World. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Flowers, Arthur. 2001. Mojo Rising. Confessions of a 21st Century Conjureman. New York: Wanganegresse Press. Gates, Henry Louis. 1988. The Signifying Monkey. New York: Oxford University Press. Grant, Nathan L. 2006. Men, Women, and Culture. A Conversation with August Wilson. Jackson R. Bryer & Mary C. Hartig eds. Conversations with August Wilson. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 172-187. Gussow, Adam. 2008. Blues Literature. M. Thomas Inge ed. New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture. Literature. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 44-51. Harrison, Paul Carter. 1974. Introduction. Black Theatre in Search of a Source. Paul Carter Harrison ed. Kuntu Drama. Plays of the African Continuum. New York: Grove Press, 3-29. Harrison, Paul Carter. 1991. August Wilson’s Blues Poetics. August Wilson. Three Plays. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 291-318. Harrison, Paul Carter. 2002. Praise/Word. Paul Carter Harrison, Victor Leo Walker & Gus Edwards eds. Black Theatre. Ritual Performance in the African Diaspora. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1-10. Jackson, Oliver. 1974. Preface. Paul Carter Harrison ed. Kuntu Drama. Plays of the African Continuum. New York: Grove Press, ix-xiii. Love, Velma E. 2012. Divining the Self. A Study in Yoruba Myth and Human Consciousness. University Park (PA): Pennsylvania State University Press. Marra, Kim. 2000. Ma Rainey and the Boyz. Gender Ideology in August Wilson’s Broadway Canon. Marilyn Elkins ed. August Wilson. A Casebook. New York: Garland Publishing, 123-160. Miller, Arthur. 1949. Tragedy and the Common Man. The New York Times (February 27), Section 2: 1-3. Monaco, Pamela Jean. 2000. Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. From the Local to the Mythical in August Wilson. Marilyn Elkins ed. August Wilson. A Casebook. New York: Garland Publishing, 89-104. Morrison, Toni. 2007. Foreword. August Wilson. The Piano Lesson. New York: Theatre Communications Group, vii-xiii. Moyers, Bill. 2006. August Wilson. Playwright. Jackson R. Bryer & Mary C. Hartig eds. Conversations with August Wilson. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 61-80. Nietzsche, Friedrich. 1983 [1889]. Crepuscolo degli idoli (trad. Ferruccio Masini). Milano: Adelphi. Nietzsche, Friedrich. 1991 [1888]. Ecce Homo. Come si diventa ciò che si è. Roberto Calasso (a cura di). Milano: Adelphi. Nietzsche, Friedrich. 1995 [1872]. La nascita della tragedia (trad. Enrico Ruta, rivista da Paolo Chiarini e Roberto Venuti). Roma-Bari: Editori Laterza. Pereira, Kim. 1995. August Wilson and the African-American Odyssey. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. Pinkney, Mikell. 2004. The Development of African American Dramatic Theory: W.E.B. DuBois to August Wilson – Hand to Hand! Dana A. Williams & Sandra G. Shannon eds. August Wilson and Black Aesthetics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 11-36. Richards, Sandra L. 2013. African Diaspora Drama. Harvey Young ed. The Cambridge Companion to African American Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 230-254. Rocha, Mark William. 2000. August Wilson and the Four B’s. Marilyn Elkins ed. August Wilson. A Casebook. New York: Garland Publishing, 3-16. Rosen, Carl. 2006. August Wilson. Bard of the Blues. Jackson R. Bryer & Mary C. Hartig eds. Conversations with August Wilson. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 188-203. Savran, David. 2006. August Wilson. Jackson R. Bryer & Mary C. Hartig eds. Conversations with August Wilson. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 19-37. Shannon, Sandra G. 1993. Blues, History, and Dramaturgy. An Interview with August Wilson. African American Review, 27, 4: 539-559. Shannon, Sandra G. 2006. August Wilson Explains His Dramatic Vision. An Interview. Jackson R. Bryer & Mary C. Hartig eds. Conversations with August Wilson. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 118-154. Shannon, Sandra G. & Dana A. Williams. 2004. A Conversation with August Wilson. Dana A. Williams & Sandra G. Shannon eds. August Wilson and Black Aesthetics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 187-196. Sheppard, Vera. 2006. August Wilson. An Interview. Jackson R. Bryer & Mary C. Hartig eds. Conversations with August Wilson. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 101-117. Smith, Barbara. 2015 [1977]. Toward a Black Feminist Criticism. Gloria T. Hull, Patricia Bell-Scott & Barbara Smith eds. All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave. New York: The Feminist Press, 157-175. Wilson, August. 1997. The Ground on Which I Stand. Callaloo, 20, 3: 493-503. Wilson, August. 2007 [1988]. Joe Turner’s Come and Gone. New York: Theatre Communications Group. Winchester, James J. 2002. Aesthetics Across the Color Line. Why Nietzsche (Sometimes) Can’t Sing the Blues. Lanham (MD): Rowman & Littlefield. Wright, Richard. 1999. Defining the Blues – Useful/Interesting/Provocative Definitions. Steven C. Tracy ed. Write Me a Few of Your Lines. A Blues Reader. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 10-12. Young, Reggie. 2004. Phantom Limbs Dancing Juba Rites in August Wilson’s Joe Turner’s Come and Gone and The Piano Lesson. Dana A. Williams & Sandra G. Shannon eds. August Wilson and Black Aesthetics. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 129-144.
Fra ‘letterario’ e digitale: alle origini delle Digital Humanities
Father Roberto Busa is widely recognised as the founder of Humanities Computing (HC) because of his pioneering approach to text analysis, which paved the way for computational linguistics. Over the years, this early focus on linguistic analysis has evolved to include new ways of combining humanities with computing. Digital Humanities (DH) provide a common outlook that has a markedly methodological nature and an interdisciplinary focus. The aim of this paper is to review some of the key issues behind the shift from HC to DH, highlighting elements of continuity and/or change. DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-162 Keywords Humanities Computing, Digital Humanities, critica e analisi dei testi, rappresentazione della conoscenza. Bibliography Cecire, Natalia. 2011. When Digital Humanities Was in Vogue. Journal of Digital Humanities, 1, 1, http://journalofdigitalhumanities.org/1-1/when-digital-humanities-was-in-vogue-by-natalia-cecire/ (consultato il 2/7/2020). Cuna, Andrea. 2019. Developing an Online Catalogue for the L. P. Tessitori Manuscript Collection. Tessitori Collection. The Indian Manuscripts of the “Vincenzo Joppi” Municipal Library in Udine. Udine: Società Indologica L.P.T., 83-90. Davis, Randall, Howard Shrobe & Peter Szolovits. 1993. What is a Knowledge Representation? AI Magazine, 14, 1: 17-33. Gunkel, Lutz & Gisela Zifoun. 2009. Classifying modifiers in common names. Word Structure, 2, 2: 215-218. Hockey, Susan. 2004. The History of Humanities Computing. Susan Schreibman, Raymond G. Siemens & John Unsworth eds. A Companion to Digital Humanities. Malden (MA): Blackwell, 3-19. Jones, Steven E. 2016. Roberto Busa, S. J., and Humanities Computing. The Priest and the Punched Cards. New York: Routledge. Kirschenbaum, Matthew G. 2010. What is Digital Humanities and What’s It Doing in English Departments? ADE Bulletin, 150: 55-61. Nowviskie, Bethany. 2014. On the Origin of “Hack” and “Yack”, http://nowviskie.org/2014/on-the-origin-of-hack-and-yack/ (consultato il 2/7/2020). Orlandi, Tito. n.d. The Scholarly Environment of Humanities Computing, http://www.cmcl.it/~orlandi/mccarty1.html (consultato il 2/7/2020). Ramsay, Stephen. 2016 [2013]. On Building. Melissa Terras, Julianne Nyhan & Edward Vanhoutte eds. Defining Digital Humanities. A Reader. London: Routledge, 243-246. Ramsay, Stephen & Geoffrey Rockwell. 2012. Developing Things: Notes toward an Epistemology of Building in the Digital Humanities. Matthew K. Gold ed. Debates in the Digital Humanities. Minneapolis (MN): University of Minnesota Press, 75-84. Robinson, Lyn, Ernesto Priego & David Bawden. 2015. Library and Information Science and Digital Humanities: Two Disciplines, Joint Future? Franjo Pehar, Christian Schlögl & Christian Wolff eds. Re:inventing Information Science in the Networked Society. Glückstadt: W. Hülsbusch, 44-54. Scheinfeldt, Tom. 2010. Stuff Digital Humanists Like: Defining Digital Humanities by its Values, in Found History, http://www.foundhistory.org/2010/12/02/stuff-digital-humanists-like/ (consultato il 3/7/2020). Schreibman, Susan, Raymond G. Siemens & John Unsworth eds. 2004a. A Companion to Digital Humanities. Malden (MA): Blackwell. Schreibman, Susan, Raymond G. Siemens & John Unsworth. 2004b. The Digital Humanities and Humanities Computing: An Introduction. Susan Schreibman, Ray Siemens & John Unsworth eds. A Companion to Digital Humanities. Malden (MA): Blackwell, xxv. Smithies, James. 2014. Digital Humanities, Postfoundationalism, Postindustrial Culture. Digital Humanities Quarterly, 8, 1, http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/8/1/000172/000172.html (consultato il 3/7/2020). Svensson, Patrik. 2009. Humanities Computing as Digital Humanities. Digital Humanities Quarterly, 3, 3, http://digitalhumanities.org/dhq/vol/3/3/000065/000065.html (consultato il 3/7/2020). Unsworth, John. 2001. Knowledge Representation in Humanities Computing, http://people.virginia.edu/~jmu2m//KR/KRinHC.html (consultato il 3/7/2020). Unsworth, John. 2002. What is Humanities Computing and What Is Not? Jahrbuch für Computerphilologie, 4: 71-84, http://computerphilologie.digital-humanities.de/jg02/unswor th.html (consultato il 3/7/2020).
Metaphors of Psychological Deterioration: the Case of Depression
The present article aims at identifying and analysing the linguistic metaphorical behaviours of people living with depressive disorders. To this end, four online fora dealing with mental illnesses were selected in order to gather data on how individuals metaphorically describe their depressive states. The data were interpreted by means of Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Self-determination Theory. Combining a linguistic theory with a psychological one allows to deepen our comprehension of depression and helps diagnose it: linguistic behaviour paves the way for accessing the psychological dimension of individuals while revealing a potential tendency towards harmonic or problematic mental states. DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-161 Keywords Depression, conceptual metaphor theory, self-determination theory, online fora. Bibliography Bartczak, Marlena & Barbara Bokus. 2015. Cognitive representations (Metaphorical Conceptualizations) of past, future, joy, sadness and happiness in depressive and non-depressive subjects: cognitive distortions in depression at the level of notion. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 44, 2: 159-185. Beyond Blue: https://www.beyondblue.org.au/get-support/online-forums/depression (consulted on 31/08/19). Boden, Margaret A. 2004. The Creative Mind: Myths and Mechanisms. London-New York: Routledge. Deci, Edward L. & Richard M. Ryan. 2000. The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 4: 227-268. Demjén, Zsófia. 2014. Drowning in negativism, self-hate, doubt, madness: Linguistic insights into Sylvia Plath’s experience of depression. Communication & Medicine, 11, 11: 41-54. Depression Understood: https://www.depression-understood.org/forum/viewforum.php?f=6 (consulted on 31/08/19). Evola, Vito. 2008. La metafora come carrefour cognitivo del pensiero e del linguaggio. Vie della metafora: linguistica, filosofia, psicologia. Chieti: Editore Prime Vie-Sulmona, 55-80. Friedman, Edward S., Ian M. Anderson, Danilo Arnone & Timothey Denko. 2014. Handbook of Depression. London: Springer Healthcare Limited. Gentner, Dedre & Julie Colhoun. 2010. Analogical processes in human thinking and learning. Towards a Theory of Thinking. Berlin: Springer, 35-48. Kimmel, Michael. 2002. Metaphor, Imagery, and Culture. Spatialized Ontologies, Mental Tools, and Multimedia in the Making (Doctoral dissertation, University of Vienna). Kövecses, Zoltán. 2017. Conceptual Metaphor Theory. Elena Semino & Zsòfia Demjén eds. The Routledge Handbook of Metaphor and Language. Abingdon-New York: Routledge. Lakoff, George. 1993. The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor. Andrew Ortony ed. Metaphor and Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 202-252. Lakoﬀ, George & Mark Johnson. 2003 [1980]. Metaphors We Live By. Chicago-London: The University of Chicago Press. Landau, Mark J., Brian P. Meier & Lucas A Keefer. 2010. A metaphor-enriched social cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 6: 1045-1067. Lawley, James & Penny Tompkins. 2000. Metaphors in Mind. Transformation Through Symbolic Modelling. London: The Developing Company Press. Levitt, Heidi, Yifaht Korman & Lynne Angus. 2000. A metaphor analysis in treatments of depression: Metaphor as a marker of change. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 13, 1: 23-35. Mental Health Forum, https://www.mentalhealthforum.net/forum/forums/depression-forum.366/ (consulted on 31/08/19). Mind, https://www.mind.org.uk/information-support/your-stories/ (consulted on 31/08/19). Miller, Gregory E. & Ekin Blackwel. 2006. Turning up the heat: Inflammation as a mechanism linking chronic stress, depression, and heart disease. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15, 6: 269-272. Pennebaker, James W., Matthias R. Mehl & Kate G. Niederhoffer. 2003. Psychological aspects of natural language use: Our words, our selves. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 1: 547-577. Pritzker, Sonya. 2003. The role of metaphor in culture, consciousness, and medicine: A preliminary inquiry into the metaphors of depression in Chinese and Western medical and common languages. Clinical Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine, 4, 1: 11-28. Ray, Oakley. 2004. How the mind hurts and heals the body. American Psychologist, 59, 1: 29-40. Ryan, Richard M. & Edward L. Deci. 2000. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 1: 68-78. Semino, Elena. 2008. Metaphor in Discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Semino, Elena, Zsofia Demjén, Andrew Hardie, Sheila Payne & Paul Rayson. 2017. Metaphor, Cancer and the End of Life: A Corpus-based Study. New York: Routledge. Steen, Gerard ed. 2010. A Method for Linguistic Metaphor Identification: From MIP to MIPVU [vol. 14]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing. World Health Organization. 2017. Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates. No. WHO/MSD/MER/2017.2. Geneva: World Health Organization. Zhong, Chen-Bo & Geoffrey J. Leonardelli. 2008. Cold and lonely: Does social exclusion literally feel cold? Psychological Science, 19, 9: 838-842.
La luce e l’inchiostro: letteratura e fotografia a confronto
DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-165
“The Origins of Speech Lie in Song”: Music as Language in Coetzee’s Age of Iron
In Disgrace, David Lurie finds preposterous the proposition that “Human society has created language in order that we may communicate our thoughts, feelings and intentions to each other”, privately believing that, on the contrary, “the origins of speech lie in song” (Coetzee 2000: 3-4). In my 2010 book J. M. Coetzee and the Power of Narrative, I included a brief survey of references to music as a type of language in Coetzee’s work. In this paper I will examine my claim in greater depth, seeking musical resonances in his novel Age of Iron, both in his prose and in the form and structure of the novel. I will attempt to account for my impression that despite his reputation for spare, academic prose, Coetzee is a lyrical and impassioned writer, and that musical rhythms and structures are an essential element in his work. DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-153 Keywords J. M. Coetzee, Age of Iron, music in literature. Bibliography Clarkson, Carrol. 2009. J. M. Coetzee. Countervoices. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Coetzee, J. M. 1990. Age of Iron. New York: Random House. Coetzee, J. M. 1992. Doubling the Point. Essays and Interviews. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press. Coetzee, J. M. 2000. Disgrace. London: Vintage. Coetzee, J. M. 2001. What is a Classic? Stranger Shores. Literary Essays 1986-1999. New York: Viking. Dooley, Gillian. 2016. “Hades this Place, and I a Fugitive Shade”: Classical Languages and Cultures in J. M. Coetzee’s Age of Iron. English in Africa, 43, 1: 101-108. Jacobs, Arthur. 1958. A New Dictionary of Music. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Macaskill, Brian. 2014-2015. Fugal Musemathematics. In 3 parts: Word and Text, 4, 1 (June 2014): 158-175; 4, 2 (Dec 2014): 115-129; 5, 1-2 (Dec 2015): 235-258. Purcell, William M. 2013. “How Shall I Be Saved?” The Salvation of Mrs Curren in Coetzee’s Age of Iron. Transnational Literature, 6, 1, http://dspace.flinders.edu.au/xmlui/bitstream/handle/2328/27123/How_Shall_I_be_saved.pdf?sequence=1 (consulted on 02/07/2017). Rousseau, Jean Jacques. 2000. Essay on the Origin of Languages and Writings Related to Music. Hanover (NH): Dartmouth College Press. Said, Edward. 2007. “Bach for the Masses”. Music at the Limits. New York: Columbia University Press. Scholes, Percy A. 1970. The Oxford Companion to Music (10th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Tomita, Yo. 1999. The Inventions and Sinfonias (BWV 772-801). Belfast: Queen’s University. n.d. http://www.music.qub.ac.uk/~tomita/essay/inventions.html (consulted on 01/07/2017). Yearsley, David. 2005. Death Everyday: The Anna Magdalena Bach Book of 1725 and the Art of Dying. Eighteenth-Century Music, 2, 2: 231-249.
"Alice’s Daughter": Co-writing for Recognition, Recovery and Reconciliation
DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-149 Bibliography Aboriginal Psychological Services. 2017. Local Hero: Aunty Rhonda Collard-Spratt: Does Time Heal All Wounds? Jilya (July) 10: 28-37. Beresford, Q. 2006. Rob Riley: An Aboriginal Leader’s Quest for Justice. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press, AIATSIS. Brennan, Bridget. 2017 (May). Stolen Generations Survivor. ABC National TV News. Collard-Spratt, Rhonda & Jacki Ferro. 2017. Alice’s Daughter: Lost Mission Child. Canberra: AIATSIS. Commonwealth of Australia. 1990. Royal Commission into Aboriginal deaths in custody, Report of the inquiry into the death of Ronald Mack Ugle. Canberra. Faktorovich, Anna. Interview with Aboriginal Memoirists: Rhonda Collard-Spratt and Jacki Ferro. PR for People. Seattle, Washington: Xanthus Communications, 32-40, https://view.joomag.com/pr-for-people-monthly-december-2017/0775182001511980361?short (consulted on 23/7/20). Fry, Elaine. 2017. Finding Self Through ‘Lost’ Journey. The West Australian. Perth: Seven West Media. Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (HREOC). 1997. Bringing Them Home: Report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from their Families. Sydney. Mann, Trisha & Audrey Blunden eds. 2010. Australian Law Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Pilkington-Garimara, Doris. 1996. Follow the Rabbit-Proof Fence. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press. Powley, Kathryn. 2017. Book Review: Alice’s Daughter: Lost Mission Child, Rhonda Collard-Spratt (with Jacki Ferro). Herald Sun. Melbourne: News Corp Australia. Radio National. 2017. Interview with Rhonda Collard-Spratt: Stolen Generations (podcast). Canberra: Australian Broadcasting Corporation, http://mpegmedia.abc.net.au/rn/podcast/2017/05/lms_20170531_0939.mp3 (consulted on 23/7/20). Sewell, Betty. 1990. Carnarvon: Interaction of Two Cultures. North Essendon (Vic): Vital Publications. Shafer, Emma. February 2018. Stolen Child: I Still Suffer from the Trauma. The Courier-Mail. Queensland: Quest Newspapers, South-West, http://www.couriermail.com.au/questnews/southwest/stolen-child-i-still-suffer-from-the-trauma/news-story/2ace79b198ad57e8bcf79cf946da23ff (consulted on 23/7/20). West Australian Association for Mental Health. October 2017. Meet the Aunties: With Healing Comes Hope. The West Australian. Perth: Seven West Media, https://mentalhealthweek.thewest.com.au/october-2017/aboriginal-health/ (consulted on 23/7/20). Webliography Connection to Country, https://www.commonground.org.au/learn/connection-to-country (consulted on 22/05/20). Huffadine, Leith. 2016. David Oldfield says the Aboriginal Stolen Generation doesn’t exist. Daily Mail Australia, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3985642/David-Oldfield-says-Aboriginal-Stolen-Generation-doesn-t-exist-SBS-Contact.html (consulted on 22/05/20). Rudd, K. (Prime Minister of Australia). 2008. Apology to Australia’s Indigenous Peoples. [audio and transcript] Canberra: AIATSIS, https://aiatsis.gov.au/explore/articles/apology-australias-indigenous-peoples (consulted on 22/05/20). Stolen Generation Survivor, ABC News, https://www.rawmemoirs.com/alices-daughter-lost-mission-child (consulted on 22/05/20).
Spots of Time: Lectures on the English Literary Tradition
DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-166
DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-148
DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-150
Il medico a teatro: Lucius Junius Brutus di “Mad Nat” Lee
The original style and contents of Nathaniel Lee’s production have often been interpreted as indicative of the author’s alleged mental illness. This contribution proposes a new approach to Lee’s works, suggesting that the tragedy Brutus (1680), which contains a sort of nosology of alterations in thought and behaviour, is a liminal text on the border between literature and medical treatise. Lee appropriates the scientific discourse of his time not only to question recent notions of mental disorder, but also to articulate a reflection on the condition of power in the political world. DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-156 Keywords Nathaniel Lee, madness, internment, Restoration drama, history of medicine. Bibliography Andrews, Jonathan et al. 1997. The History of Bethlem. London-New York: Routledge. Andrews, Jonathan. 1998. Begging the Question of Idiocy: The Definition and Socio-cultural Meaning of Idiocy in Early Modern Britain: Part 1. History of Psychiatry, 9: 65-95. Armistead, J. M. 1979. Nathaniel Lee. Boston: Twayne. Auchter, Dorothy. 2001. Dictionary of Literary and Dramatic Censorship in Tudor and Stuart England. Westport (CT): Greenwood Press. Bacon, Francis. 1972 [1597]. Of Boldness. Michael J. Hawkins ed. Essays. London: Dent. Brown, Richard. 1983. Heroics Satirized by “Mad Nat. Lee”. Papers on Language and Literature, 19, 4: 385-401. Burton, Robert (pseud. Democritus Junior). 1638 [1621]. The Anatomy of Melancholy: What it is, with all the kinds causes, symptomes, prognostickes & seuerall cures of it. Oxford: Henry Cripps. Chambers, Robert & William Chambers eds. 1844. Cyclopædia of English Literature (Vol. 1). Edinburgh: William & Robert Chambers. Crooke, Helkiah. 1615. Microcosmographia: A Description of the Body of Man. London: Jaggard. D’Aquino, Tommaso. 1969. La somma teologica. Traduzione e commento a cura dei domenicani italiani; testo latino dell’edizione leonina. Vol. XXIV: Incarnazione: b) difetti assunti e implicanze. Firenze: Salani. Danby, Jennifer Renee. 2014. Burning and Stoic Men: Mad Rants and the Performance of Passionate Pain in the Plays of Nathaniel Lee, 1674 to 1678. Kathryn Lowerre ed. The Lively Arts of the London Stage, 1675-1725. Farnham: Ashgate, 191-208. Dossi, Carlo. 1995 [1883]. Dal calamajo di un mèdico. Isella Dante (a cura di). Opere. Milano: Adelphi. Felman, Shoshana. 2003 [1985]. Writing and Madness (Literature/Philosophy/Psychoanalysis). Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. Ficino, Marsilio. 1987 [1491]. El libro dell’amore. Sandra Niccoli (a cura di). Firenze: Olschki. Frank, Marcie. 2003. Gender, Theatre, and the Origins of Criticism: From Dryden to Manley. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hayne, Victoria. 1996. “All Language Then is Vile”: The Theatrical Critique of Political Rhetoric in Nathaniel Lee’s Lucius Junius Brutus. ELH, 63, 2: 337-365. Hermanson, Anne. 2014. The Horror Plays of the English Restoration. Farnham: Ashgate. Hobbes, Thomas. 2011 [1651]. Leviathan. A. P. Martinich & Brian Battiste eds. New York: Broadview. Hughes, Derek. 2008 [2001]. Heroic Drama and Tragicomedy. Susan J. Owen ed. A Companion to Restoration Drama. Oxford: Blackwell, 195-210. Ingram, Allan & Michelle Faubert. 2003. Cultural Constructions of Madness. New York: Palgrave. Lee, Nathaniel. 1967 [1680]. Lucius Junius Brutus. John Loftis ed. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Livio, Tito. 1841. Titi Livii Patavini historiarum ab Urbe condita libri / La storia romana di Tito Livio. Luigi Mabil (a cura di) (Vol. 1). Venezia: Giuseppe Antonelli. Locke, John. 1975 [1690]. Essay Concerning Human Understanding. P. H. Nidditch ed. Oxford: Claredon. Locke, John. 2004 [1690]. The Second Treatise of Government. Jospeh Carrig ed. New York: Barnes & Noble. Loftis, John. ed. 1967. Introduction. Nathaniel Lee, Lucius Junius Brutus. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, xi-xxiv. MacDonald, Michael. 1981. Mystical Bedlam: Madness, Anxiety and Healing in Seventeenth Century England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Machiavelli, Niccolò. 1962 [1532]. Il Principe e altri scritti. Vittorio De Caprariis (a cura di). Bari: Laterza. Machiavelli, Niccolò. 2000 [1531]. Discorsi sopra la prima Deca di Tito Livio. Corrado Vivanti (a cura di). Torino: Einaudi. Natali, Ilaria. 2016. “Remov’d from human eyes”: Madness and Poetry 1676-1774. Firenze: Firenze University Press. Nicoll, Allardyce. 1952 [1923]. A History of Restoration Drama 1600-1700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Porter, Roy. 2000. Enlightenment: Britain and the Creation of the Modern World. London: The Penguin Press. Porter, Roy. 2002. Madness: A Brief History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Scull, Andrew T. 2015. Madness and Civilization. A Cultural History of Insanity from the Bible to Freud, from the Madhouse to Modern Medicine. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Verdurmen, Peter. 1989. Lucius Junius Brutus and Restoration Tragedy: The Politics of Trauma. Journal of European Studies, 19, 2: 81-98. Vieth, David M. 1975. Psychological Myth as Tragedy: Nathaniel Lee’s Lucius Junius Brutus. Huntington Library Quarterly, 39, 1: 57-76. Ward, William Adolphus. 1875. A History of English Dramatic Literature to the Death of Queen Anne (Vol. 2). London: Macmillan & Co. Willis, Thomas. 1683. Two Discourses Concerning the Soul of Brutes. London: Thomas Dring. Willis, Thomas. 1685 [1681]. The London Practice of Physick. London: Thomas Basset et al. Wilmot John, Earl of Rochester. 1800 [1675]. An Allusion to the Tenth Satire of the First Book of Horace. Samuel Johnson ed. The Works of the Poets of Great Britain and Ireland (Vol. II). London: Andrew Miller, 16-17. Wilson, John Harold. 1968. A Preface to Restoration Drama. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press.
Alfabetizzazione di adulti immigrati: le donne burkinabé a Spilimbergo
Language courses for immigrant women have recently attracted the interest of scholars. A number of cases are cited by literature and studied from both a linguistic and socioeconomic point of view. Immigrant women are vulnerable, especially when they arrive from countries where the gender gap is wider. In Italy, they may experience social isolation, when they are confined to family and childcare. Participating to L2 courses has subsequently not only a linguistic value; it contributes to emancipation and offers a chance for a higher participation to social life. A specific case is represented by Burkina Faso women in Spilimbergo (Pordenone), who in 2010, 2012 and 2015 attended three literacy courses specifically dedicated to them. DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-164 Keywords Adult education, literacy, gender equality, L2, Burkina Faso. Bibliography Baldo, Gianluca. 2017a. Plurilinguismo e immigrazione nel pordenonese: il caso di Spilimbergo. Italiano LinguaDue, 9, 2: 121-161. Baldo, Gianluca. 2017b. Una “piccola città”. Plurilinguismo e immigrazione a Spilimbergo. Fabiana Fusco. Le lingue della città. Plurilinguismo e immigrazione a Udine. Roma: Carocci, 213-234. Baldo, Gianluca. 2018. La comunità burkinabé di Spilimbergo: misure lessicali e implicazioni didattiche da campioni di parlato spontaneo. RILA, 50, 1: 37-50. Baldo, Gianluca. 2019. Lessico di alta disponibilità nel parlato spontaneo di stranieri immigrati: i burkinabé a Spilimbergo. Carla Marcato (a cura di). Italiano L2/LS in Friuli. Situazioni, esperienze, applicazioni didattiche. Trieste: LINT, 119-133. Beacco, Jean-Claude et al. 2014. L’integrazione linguistica dei migranti adulti. Guida per l’elaborazione di strategie e la loro attuazione. Italiano LinguaDue, 6, 1: 1-37. Berthelette, John. 2001. Survey Report on the Bissa Language. SIL Electronic Survey Reports, 002(54). Bertolotto, Giulia. 2013. Imparare a leggere e a scrivere in età adulta. Il caso delle donne arabofone analfabete a Torino. EL.LE, 2, 3: 691-709. Bertolotto, Giulia. 2014. Nuovi alfabeti per nuovi cittadini. La sfida dell’alfabetizzazione in un mondo globale. Italiano LinguaDue, 6, 2: 110-130. Bonizzoni, Paola. 2019. Migrazioni familiari, matrimoni e nascite. IDOS, Dossier Statistico Immigrazione 2019. Roma: Centro Studi e Ricerche IDOS, 226-229. Borri, Alessandro et al. 2014. Italiano L2 in contesti migratori. Sillabo e descrittori dall’alfabetizzazione all’A1. Torino: Loescher. Cardinali, Valentina. 2019. L’immigrazione in Italia: una prospettiva di genere. IDOS, Dossier Statistico Immigrazione 2019. Roma: Centro Studi e Ricerche IDOS, 121-125. Chini, Marina (a cura di). 2004. Plurilinguismo e immigrazione in Italia. Un’indagine sociolinguistica a Pavia e Torino. Milano: FrancoAngeli. Cognigni, Edith. 2014. Migrazione femminile e bisogni di apprendimento in italiano L2 uno studio di caso presso le donne del ricongiungimento familiare. EL.LE, 3, 3: 465-481. Cognigni, Edith. 2019. Plurilinguismo e intercomprensione nella classe di italiano L2 a migranti adulti. Dalla lingua veicolare alla lingua-ponte. EL.LE, 8, 1: 121-138. Degiuli, Francesca. 2016. Caring for a Living. Migrant Women, Aging Citizens, and Italian Families. Sheridan: Oxford University Press. Favaro, Graziella. 2015. L’italiano è la libertà, l’italiano è una montagna. Desideri, bisogni e rappresentazioni della nuova lingua nei corsi per le donne immigrate. Italiano LinguaDue, 7, 1: 50-59. Favaro, Graziella (a cura di). 2001. Anche le mamme a scuola. Vademecum per la realizzazione di corsi di alfabetizzazione in italiano rivolti alle madri immigrate. Milano: Farsi prossimo. Fusco, Fabiana. 2017. Le lingue della città. Plurilinguismo e immigrazione a Udine. Roma: Carocci. Hoxha, Dasantila & Vittorio Lannutti. 2018. Percorsi di apprendimento della lingua italiana e di adattabilità al contesto di ricezione da parte di donne immigrate. Carla Carotenuto et al. (a cura di). Pluriverso italiano: incroci linguistico-culturali e percorsi migratori in lingua italiana = Atti del Convegno internazionale (Macerata-Recanati, 10-11 dicembre 2015). Macerata: eum, 589-605. IDOS 2019. Dossier Statistico Immigrazione 2019. Roma: Centro Studi e Ricerche IDOS. Minuz, Fernanda. 2005. Italiano L2 e alfabetizzazione in età adulta. Roma: Carocci. Rossetti, Sara. 2016. Insegnare l’italiano alle donne del Bangladesh. Revista Italiano UERJ, 7, 1: 110-140. Solcia, Viviana. 2011. Non solo lingua. I corsi di italiano L2 per donne migranti tra bisogni linguistici e desiderio di integrazione. Italiano LinguaDue, 3, 2: 129-200. World Economic Forum. 2019. Global Gender Gap Report 2020. Ginevra: World Economic Forum.
Suspended Quotations: A Corpus Analysis of Functions
By joining manual analysis and corpus linguistics methods, this paper compares and contrasts the use of suspended quotations in Charles Dickens and Jane Austen. An analysis of two authors whose styles, aims and literary contexts are so different is functional to creating a list of functions typically performed by suspended quotation generally. The study shows that some roles of the suspended quotation reported for Dickens’ novels in previous literature are indeed specific to this writer and his idea of narrative, while others can be considered ‘author-independent’. Furthermore, the current analysis has revealed that suspended quotations lend themselves to a much wider range of functions than those reported and described in the literature thus far. DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-157 Keywords Dickens, Austen, CLiC database, POS tagging, semantic tagging. Bibliography Babb, Howard S. 1962. Jane Austen’s Novels. The Fabric of Dialogue. Columbus (OH): Ohio State University Press. Culpeper, Jonathan & Jane Demmen. 2015. Keywords. Douglas Biber & Randi Reppen eds. The Cambridge Handbook of English Corpus Linguistics. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press. Gabrielatos, Costas & Anna Marchi. Keyness: Matching metrics to definitions. Corpus Linguistics in the South: Theoretical-methodological challenges in corpus approaches to discourse studies – and some ways of addressing them. University of Portsmouth, 5 November 2011,http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/51449/ (consulted on 5/05/2017). Lambert, Mark. 1981. Dickens and the Suspended Quotation. New Haven (CT)-London: Yale University Press. Mahlberg, Michaela. 2012. The Corpus Stylistic Analysis of Fiction or the Fiction of Corpus Stylistics? Joybrato Mukherjee & Magnus Huber eds.Corpus Linguistics and Variation in English: Theory and Description. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 77-96. Mahlberg, Michaela. 2013. Corpus Analysis of Literary Texts. Carol A. Chapelle ed. The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 1479-1485. Mahlberg, Michaela & Catherine Smith. 2012. Dickens, the Suspended Quotation and the Corpus. Language and Literature, 21, 1: 51-65. Mahlberg, Michaela, Catherine Smith & Simon Preston. 2013. Phrases in Literary Contexts. Patterns and Distributions of Suspensions in Dickens’s Novels. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 18, 1: 35-56. Mahlberg, Michaela, Peter Stockwell, Johan de Joode, Catherine Smith & Matthew Brook O’Donnell. 2016. CLiC Dickens: Novel Uses of Concordances for the Integration of Corpus Stylistics and Cognitive Poetics. Corpora, 11, 3: 433-463. Morini, Massimiliano. 2009. Jane Austen’s Narrative Techniques. A Stylistic and Pragmatic Analysis. Farnham (UK): Ashgate Publishing. Newsom, Robert. 2000. Style of Dickens. Paul Schlicke ed. The Oxford Reader’s Companion to Dickens. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 553-557. Rayson, Paul. 2003. Matrix: A statistical method and software tool for linguistic analysis through corpus comparison. PhD thesis, Lancaster University.
Because the Poet: Pasolini According to Patti Smith
The transdisciplinary dialogue, the rebellious attitude, and the sublimation of dissidence by experimenting new forms as an act of hope are the key features of the relationship between Pier Paolo Pasolini and Patti Smith, who saluted the Italian writer as one of her greatest teachers throughout her entire career, along with Blake, Rimbaud and the Beats. From the poetry of Babel to the lyrics of Easter, passing through the photographic series Pasolini es vie, the eclectic American artist has never ceased to appraise the literary works and movies of this author as a constant source of inspiration, creating a bond that became very important to the audience but was never properly explored by the critics. In terms of reception, one should not forget that this original relationship also led many (especially outside Italy) to discover the figure of Pasolini. This article seeks to investigate Patti Smith’s Pasolini and the works that influenced her most, revealing through an intertextual and interdiscursive approach how the poet contributed to shape the imaginary and spiritual vision of one among the most important lyrical voices in the world today. DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-160 Keywords Pier Paolo Pasolini, Patti Smith, literature and music, poetry, lyrics. Bibliography Alighieri, Dante. 2008. The Divine Comedy (trans. C. H. Sisson). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Blake, William. 2007. Poems: Introduction and selection by Patti Smith. London: Vintage Classics. Benjamin, Walter. 2002. Selected Writings. Volume 3: 1935-1938. H. Eiland & M. W. Jennings eds. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press. Bloom, Harold. 1997 [1973]. The Anxiety of Influence: A Theory of Poetry. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bockris, Victor & Roberta Bayley. 1999. Patti Smith: An Unauthorized Biography. New York: Simon & Schuster. Carrera, Alessandro. 2001. La voce di Bob Dylan. Una spiegazione dell’America. Milano: Feltrinelli. Chiriacò, Gianpaolo. 2016. Around the sound: paesaggi e prospettive tra etnomusicologia e Studi culturali. Nicoletta Vallorani ed. Introduzione ai Cultural Studies. UK, USA e paesi anglofoni. Roma: Carocci, 143-159. Curtis, Ian. 2014. So This Is Permanence. J. Savage & D. Curtis eds. London: Faber & Faber. Dylan, Bob. 1963. The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan. New York: Columbia. Dylan, Bob. 1971. Tarantula. New York: Macmillan & Scribner. Dylan, Bob. 1975. Blood on the Tracks. New York: Columbia. Fowlie, Wallace. 1993. Rimbaud and Jim Morrison: The Rebel as Poet. Durham (CA): Duke University Press. Halasz, Judith R. 2015. The Bohemian Ethos: Questioning Work and Making a Scene on the Lower East Side. London: Routledge. Hand, Elizabeth. 2010 (January, 26). Book review: ‘Just Kids’ by Patti Smith. Washington Post. Now on: https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/25/AR2010012503700.html (consulted on 06/05/2020). Hutcheon, Linda. 2012. A Theory of Adaptation. London: Routledge. Jameson, Fredric. 1991. Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. Durham (NC): Duke University Press. Kraus, Rosalind. 1986. The Originality of the Avant-garde and Other Modernist Myths. Cambridge (MA): MIT Press. Kristeva, Julia. 1986 [1966]. Word, Dialogue and Novel. Julia Kristeva & Toril Moi eds. The Kristeva Reader. New York: Columbia University Press, 34-61. Kroes, Rob. 1988. High Brow Meets Low Brow: American Culture as an Intellectual Concern. Amsterdam: Free University Press. Lacan, Jacques. 1979. The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (trans. A. Sheridan). London: Penguin. Lipsitz, George. 1997. Dangerous Crossroads: Popular Music, Postmodernism and the Poetics of Place. New York: Verso. Marsh, Dave. 1978 (April, 10). Can Patti Smith Walk on Water? Rolling Stone, http://www.oceanstar.com/patti/crit/rseaster.htm (consulted on 06/05/2020). Minganti, Franco. 2002. La musica giovanile tra globale e locale. Laura Di Michele. Luigi Gaffuri & Michela Nacci (a cura di). Interpretare la differenza. Napoli: Liguori, 221-232. Noland, Carrie J. 1995. Rimbaud and Patti Smith: Style as Social Deviance. Critical Inquiry, 21, 3: 581-610. Pasolini, Pier Paolo. 1964. The Gospel According to St. Matthew. Italia - Francia: Arco Film / Lux Compagnie Cinématographique de France. Pasolini, Pier Paolo. 1976. Le poesie. Milano: Garzanti. Pasolini, Pier Paolo. 1986. The Ragazzi (trans. E. Capouya). Manchester: Carcanet. Pasolini, Pier Paolo. 1996. A Violent Life (trans. W. Weaver). Manchester: Carcanet. Paytress, Mark. 2010. Patti Smith’s Horses and the Remaking of Rock ‘n’ Roll. London: Little, Brown Book Group, Hachette. Rimbaud, Arthur. 2016. Œuvres complètes. Paris: Garnier-Flammarion. Shaw, Philip. 2008. Patti Smith’s Horses. New York: Bloomsbury. Shelton, Robert. 1986. Vita e musica di Bob Dylan. Milano: Feltrinelli. Smith, Patti. 1973. Witt. New York: Gotham Book Mart. Smith, Patti. 1975. Horses. New York: Arista. Smith, Patti. 1978. Easter. New York: Arista. Smith, Patti. 1988. Dream of Life. New York: Arista. Smith, Patti. 1996. Il sogno di Rimbaud (trans. M. Bocchiola). Torino: Einaudi. Smith, Patti. 2004. Trampin’. New York: Columbia. Smith, Patti & & Silvia Boschero. 2005 (November, 3). Io, Patti Smith a scuola da Pasolini. L’Unità. Sul Cristo di Pier Paolo Pasolini: Intervista a Patti Smith. 2013. Borderline. RAI Radiotelevisione Italiana, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sQJyPrx2J20&t=129s (consulted on 06/05/2020). Smith, Patti & Fabio Barbieri. 2012 (June, 23). Intervista a Patti Smith. Patchanka. Radio Popolare, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mhIptf4GbN8&t=28s (consulted on 06/05/2020). Virgil. 1908. The Aeneid (trans. T. C. Williams). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
Plurivocal Narration as an Empathetic Response of Resistance to Colonial Prejudice. Writing Alterity in The Voyage Out
This essay proposes that literature is instrumental to the development of an ‘ethics of the empathetic imagination’. Literature illustrates, and often propounds widely shared cultural beliefs. But literature’s association with any cultural system is also manifest a contrario, in the fact that it interrogates and challenges the very logic, codes, and elements of the system, not only at the level of characters’ values and behavior, but also starting from the writer’s special use of language and narrative strategies. The plurivocal quality of complex literature enhances the perception of widely different subject positions and becomes a powerful tool of resistance against prejudice in favour of a sophisticated assessment of alterity. This thesis will be argued also with reference to Virginia Woolf’s The Voyage Out, and special attention will be paid to the novel’s empathetic dismantling of a dominator’s colonial mentality. The antithetical positions of the narrator and most of the characters allows for a scathing and subtle critique of the colonial mentality. DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-128 Bibliography Bachmann-Medick, Doris.2017. Alterity - A Categoryof Practice and Analysis. Preliminary Remarks. On_Culture: The Open Journalfor the StudyofCulture, 4: 1-12. http://geb.uni-gies- sen.de/geb/volltexte/2017/13387/ (consulted on 3/06/2019). Batson, C. D. 2009. Two forms of perspective taking: Imagining how another feels and imagining how you would feel. K. D. Markman, W. M. P. Klein & J. A. Suhr eds. Handbook of imagination and mental simulation. New York: Psychology Press, 267-279. Bhabha, Homi K. 1994. The Location of Culture. London-New York: Routledge. Braidotti, Rosi. 2013. The Posthuman. Cambridge: Polity Press. Deleuze, Gilles. 1964. Proust et les signes. Paris: PUF. Deleuze, Gilles. Critique et clinique. Paris: Minuit. Eisler, Riane. 1989. The Chalice and The Blade: Our History, Our Future. New York: Harper & Row. Eisler, Riane. 2002. The Power of Partnership: Seven flelationships that will Change Your Life. No- vato (CA): New World Library. Eisler, Riane. 2007. The Real Wealth of Nations: Creating a Caring Economics. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler. Elgin, Catherine. 2007. The laboratory of the mind. Wolfgang Huemer, John Gibson & Luca Poccieds. A Sense of the World:Essays onPiction, Narrative and Hnowledge. London-New York: Routledge, 43-54. Geertz, CliYord. 1983. Local Hnowledge. New York: Basic Books. Hariot, Thomas.1903. A Briefe Report of the Newfound Land of Virginia by Thomas Hariot. Reproduced in Facsimile from the FirstEdition of 1588. NewYork: Dodd, Mead & C., https://archive. org/stream/abriefeandtruer00harigoog#page/n12/mode/2up (consulted on 23/09/2019). Hutcheson, Francis.1728. Essay on the Nature and Conduct of the Passionswith Illustrations on the Moral Sense. London: J. Osborn & T. Logman, https://archive.org/details/essayonna- turecon00hutciala (consulted on 3/06/2019). Jandl, Ingeborg, Susanne Knaller, Sabine Schönfellner & Gudrun Tockner eds. 2017. Writing Emotions.Theoretical Concepts and SelectedCase Studies inLiterature. Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag. Johnson, D. R., D. M. Jaspers, S. Griffin & B. HuYman.2013. Reading narrativefiction reduces Arab-Muslim prejudice and oYers a safe haven from intergroup anxiety. Social Cognition, 31: 578- 598. Lecercle, Jean Jacques. 2019. De l’interpellation. Sujet, langue, idéologie. Paris: Editions Amsterdam. Locatelli, Angela. 2001. ‘English Matter, in the English Tongue, for Englishmen’. Lingua, retorica e poetica dell’identità nazionale nel rinascimento inglese. Alessandra Marzola (a cura di). Racconti di Identità. Bergamo: Sestante-Bergamo Tniversity Press, 13-34. Locatelli, Angela.2008. Literature’s Versions of its Own Transmission of Values.Astrid Erll, Herbert Grabes& Ansgar Nünningeds. Ethics in Culture.Berlin: de Gruyter, 19-34. Locatelli, Angela. 2009. The Ethical Tse(s) of Literary Complexity. Sibylle Baumbach, Her- bert Grabes & Ansgar Nünning eds. Values in Literature and the Value of Literature: Literature as a Medium for Representing, Disseminating and Constructing Norms and Values. Trier: Wissen- schaftlicher Verlag Trier, 67-76. Locatelli, Angela. 2014. Reading Literature: An Ethical Gesture in the Postmodern Context? Armenia Polia Anglistika, 12, 1: 121-130. Nünning, Vera. 2014.fleading Pictions, Changing Minds.The Cognitive Value of Piction. Heidel- berg: Universitätsverlag Winter. Nussbaum, Martha C. 1990.Love’s Hnowledge: Essays on Philosophy and Literature. New York: Oxford University Press. Nussbaum, Martha C. 1995. Poetic Justice: The Literary Imagination and Public Life. Boston: Beacon Press. Nussbaum, Martha C. 2001. Vpheavals of Thought: The Intelligence of the Emotions. Cam- bridge-New York: Cambridge University Press. Riem, Antonella. 2017. A Gestureof Reconciliation: Partnership Studies in Australian Literature. Udine: Forum. Said, Edward. 1978. Orientalism. London-New York: Routledge. Shelley, Percy Bysshe. 1970. A Defence of Poetry.1840. Ernest Rhys ed. The Prelude to Poetry. The English Poets in Defence and Praise of their own Art. London: Dent & Sons, 207-241. Woolf, Virginia. 1989 [1915]. The Voyage Out. London: Grafton Books. Woolf, Virginia. 1929. A Room of One’s Own. London: Hogarth Press. Woolf, Virginia. 1938. Three Guineas. London: Hogarth Press.
Not to Worry, Not to Be Unduly Concerned
“Once Upon a Time” by Nadine Gordimer: A Fairy Tale for Peace
Critically acclaimed as one of the most significant and dramatic anti-apartheid testimonies, “Once Upon a Time” by Gordimer is also an astute rhetorical construction. By placing the contentious theme of infanticide at the centre of the narration, and with a touch that is unexpectedly both light and ironic, the author creates a fairy tale that, while meeting the requirements of the genre, also manages to distance itself from this through weight of grief. It is classical tragedy – as the promulgater of a bitter model of peace – that dictates both the form and the content of this brief story, which perfectly mirrors the three Aristotelian unities, with its classical structure and principal arguments drawing on the repertoire of Greek mythology. DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-127 Bibliografia Aristotle. 1961. Poetics. New York: Hill & Wang. Bettelheim, Bruno. 1976. The Uses of Enchantment: The Meaning and Importance of Fairy Tales. New York: Knopf. Calvino, Italo. 1988. Sulla fiaba. Torino: Einaudi. Campo, Cristina. 1987. Gli imperdonabili. Milano: Adelphi. Colleran, Jeanne. 1993. Archive of Apartheid: Nadine Gordimer’s Short Fiction at the End of the Interregnum. Bruce King ed. The Later Fiction of Nadine Gordimer. Houndmills-London: Macmillan, 237-245. Gordimer, Nadine. 1977. Flashes of Fireflies. Charles E. May ed. New Short Story Theories. Athens (OH): Ohio University Press. Gordimer, Nadine. 1991. Jump and Other Stories. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. Lazar, Karen. 1992. “Jump” and Other Stories: Gordimer’s Leap into the 1990s. Journal of Southern African Studies, 18, 4: 783-802. Louvel, Liliane. 1994. Nadine Gordimer. Nancy: Presses Universitaires de Nancy. Màdera, Romano e Luigi Tarca. 2003. La filosofia come stile di vita. Introduzione alle pratiche filosofiche. Milano: Mondadori. Pessoa, Fernando. 1984. Una sola moltitudine, II, Ortonimo. Antonio Tabucchi e Maria José de Lancastre (a cura di). Milano: Adelphi. Propp, Vladimir Jakovlevič. 1928. Morfoldgija skdzki. Leningrad: Academia. [1968 Revised Edition. Morphology of the Folktale, Bloomington: Indiana University Research Center in An­thropology, Folklore, and Linguistics Publication 10]. Ravasi, Lella. 2014. Le fiabe del focolare o l’horror del focolare. Rivista di psicologia analitica, 89. Said, W. Edward. 1983. The World, the Text and the Critic. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press. Steig, Reinhold & Herman Grimm eds. 1904. Achim von Armim und die ihm nahe standen. Vol. III. Stuttgart: J. G. Cotta’schen Buchhandlung.
DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-123 Bibliography Bevilacqua, Emanuele. 1994. Guida alla Beat Generation. Roma: Theoria. Faas, Ekbert. 1978. Towards a New American Poetics. Santa Barbara: Black Sparrow Press. Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 1955. Pictures of the Gone World. San Francisco: City Lights. Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 1958. A Coney Island of the Mind. New York: New Directions. Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 1961. Starting from San Francisco. New York: New Directions. [Ferlinghetti, Lawrence]. 1963. Penguin Modern Poets 5: Gregory Corso, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Allen Ginsberg. London: Penguin Books. Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 1968. An Eye on the World. Selected Poems. London: McGibbon & Kee. Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 1969. The Secret Meaning of Things. New York: New Directions (trad. italiana: Il senso segreto delle cose. Roma: minimum fax, 2000). Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 1971. Back Roads to Far Places. New York: New Directions. Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 1973. Open Eye, Open Heart. New York: New Directions. Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 1976. Who Are We Now? New York: New Directions. Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 1978. Northwest Ecolog. San Francisco: City Lights. Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 1979. Landscapes of Living and Dying. New York: New Directions. Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 1980. A Trip to Italy and France. New York: New Directions. Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 1981. Endless Life: Selected Poems. New York: New Directions. Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 1981. The Populist Manifestos. Grey Fox Press. Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 1984. Over All the Obscene Boundaries. New York: New Directions. Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 1993. These Are My Rivers: New & Selected Poems. New York: New Directions. Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 1996a. The Poet as Painter. Dipinti dal 1959 al 1996. Sandra Giannatta- sio (a cura di). Roma: Progetti Museali. Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 1996b. Poesie. Questi sono i miei fiumi. Massimo Bacigalupo (a cura di). Roma: Newton Compton. Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 1997. A Far Rockaway of the Heart. New York: New Directions. Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 2000. What Is Poetry? New York: New Directions (trad. italiana: Cos’è la poesia. Milano: Mondadori, 2002). Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 2001a. How to Paint Sunlight. New York: New Directions. Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 2001b. San Francisco Poems. San Francisco: City Lights. Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 2003. Speak Out. San Francisco. Postcard (Limited Edition). Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 2004. Americus. New York: New Directions. Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 2009. 60 anni di pittura / 60 Years of Painting. Giada Diano e Elisa Poli- meni (a cura di). Milano: Silvana Editoriale. Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 2012. Time of Useful Consciousness. New York: New Directions. Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 2014. Blasts Cries Laughter. New York: New Directions (trad. italiana: Scoppi urla risate. Roma: Edizioni SUR, 2019a). Ferlinghetti, Lawrence. 2019. Little Boy. London: Faber & Faber. Hoffman, Tyler. 2011. American Poetry in Performance. From Walt Whitman to Hip Hop. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Jones, Peter. 1979. 50 American Poets. London: Pan Books. Leonardo, da Vinci. 2006. Scritti scelti. Frammenti letterari e filosofici. E. Solmi (a cura di). Firenze: Giunti. Morgan, Bill ed. 2005. I Greet You at the Beginning of a Great Career. The Selected Correspondence of Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Allen Ginsberg. San Francisco: City Lights Books. Morgan, Bill. 2011. Beat Atlas. A State by State Guide to the Beat Generation in America. San Francisco: City Lights Books. Perkins, David. 1987. A History of Modern Poetry. Cambridge (MA): The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Pivano, Fernanda. 1976. C’era una volta un beat. Roma: Arcana. Smith, Larry. 1983. Lawrence Ferlinghetti. Dictionary of Literary Biography, vol. 16, The Beats: Literary Bohemians in Postwar America. Ann Charters ed. Detroit: Cengage Gale, 199-214. Waldman, Anne (a cura di). 2015. The Beat Book. Milano: Il Saggiatore.
Empathy and Irony in “Keeping Fit” by Nadine Gordimer
This essay proposes a close textual analysis of “Keeping Fit”, a story published in 1991 in Jump and Other Stories at a time when South Africa was in a post-apartheid but pre-democratic situation. “Keeping Fit” is arguably one of the most polarised and ironic short stories in the volume. I suggest that the story challenges the polarisations that it installs by bringing about an ironic and carnivalesque dissolution of boundaries while conjuring up a strong sense of the uncanny, which destabilizes its own partitions and differences. While the black protagonist is presented as empathetic and caring, the white couple is described as selfish and indifferent, yet the open ending ironically suggests the possibility of change and renewal. DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-129 Bibliography Decety, Jean & Philip. L. Jackson. 2006. A Social-Neuroscience Perspective on Empathy. Cur- rent Direction in Psychological Science, 15, 2: 54-58. Eisenberg, Nancy & Paul A. Miller. 1987. The Relation of Empathy to Prosocial and Related Behaviors. Psychology Bulletin, 101, 1: 91-119. PMID: 3562705. [Gordimer, Nadine] Stephen Clingman ed. 1988. The Essential Gesture: Writing, Politics and Places. London: Jonathan Cape. Gordimer, Nadine. 1992 [1991]. Jump and Other Stories. London: Penguin. Gutleben, Christian & Vanessa Guignery eds. 2018. Nadine Gordimer, Jump and Other Sto- ries. Parcours Critiques. Cycnos, 34, 3. Jacobs, Johan T. 2001. Finding a Safe House of Fiction in Nadine Gordimer’s Jump and Other Stories. Jacqueline Bardolph ed.Telling Stories: Post-Colonial Short Fiction in English. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 197-204. New, William. 2004. Grandchild of Empire: about Irony mainly in the Commonwealth. Vancouver: Ronsdale Press. Rahimi, Sadeq. 2013. The ego, the ocular, and the uncanny: Why are metaphors of vision central in accounts of the uncanny?The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 94, 3: 453-476, DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-8315.2012.00660.x. Smith, Adam. 2006. Cognitive empathy and emotional empathy in human behavior and evolution. The Psychological Record, 56, 1: 3-21. Sun, Rui, Laura Vuillier, Bryant P. H. Hui & Aleksandr Kogan. 2019. Caring helps: Trait em- pathy is related to better copingstrategies and diYers in the poor versus the rich. PLoS ONE, 14, 3: e0213142, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213142v.
‘Her-stories’ per una cultura di pace: Indigo, La tempesta al femminile di Marina Warner tra passato e futuro
This article offers a reading of Marina Warner’s novel Indigo (1992) along the lines of Riane Eisler’s “Cultural Transformation Theory” in order to point out the crucial role played by narrations and stories in the process of forging individual and collective consciousness and to reflect upon the power of the creative word in a literature of partnership. The novel, a re-writing of Shakespeare’s The Tempest from a feminine perspective, assigns to storytellers, ancient and modern Sybilles, the task of revealing the inextricable connections of peoples and territories, of past and present, in order to explore wifh a contrapuntual approach (Said 1993) those ‘shared histories’ whose awareness represents the essential premise to build a culture of peace grounded in mutual understanding and respect for the Other. DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-147 Bibliography Adichie, Chimamanda. 2009. The Danger of a Single Story,https://www.ted.com/talks/chimamanda_ngozi_adichie_the_danger_of_a_single_story (consultato il 01/08/2019). Bogosyan, Natali. 2012. Postfeminist Discourse in Shakespeare’s The Tempest and Warner’s Indigo: Ambivalence, Liminality and Plurality. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Brinzeu, Pia. 2009. The Colour of Intertextuality: Indigo. Nordic Journal of English Studies, 8, 2: 27-36. Cakebread, Caroline. 1999. Sycorax Speaks: Marina Warner’s Indigo and The Tempest. Marianne Novy ed. Transforming Shakespeare: Contemporary Women’s Re-visions in Literature and Performance. New York: St Martin’s Press, 217-235. Connor, Stephen. 1996. The English Novel in History: 1950-1995. London: Routledge. Corona, Daniela. 2001. C’era due volte. La narrativa realistica di Marina Warner. Palermo: Flaccovio. Coupe, Laurence. 2006. Marina Warner. Northcote: British Council. Eisler Riane. 2002. The Power of Partnership. Seven Relationships that Will Change your Life. Novato (CA): New World Library. Eisler, Riane. 2007. The Goddess as Metaphor in the Cultural Transformation Theory. Antonella Riem Natale, Luisa ContiCamaiora & Maria Renata Dolce eds. The Goddess Awakened. Parnership Studies in Literatures, Language and Education. Udine:Forum, 23-37. Hutcheon, Linda. 1988. A Poetic of Postmodernism. London: Routledge. Li, Cao. 2005. The Colours of Fiction: From Indigo/Blue to Maroon/Black (A Study of Miranda’s Story in Indigo). Ariel, 36, 1-2:73-91. Mercanti, Stefano. 2012. Glossario mutuale. Riane Eisler. Il piacere è sacro. Il potere e la sacralità del corpo e della terra dallapreistoria a oggi. Udine: Forum, 655-683. Phillips, Caryl. [1987] 1999. The European Tribe. London: Faber & Faber. Propst, Lisa. 2009. Tnsettling Stories: Disruptive Narrative Strategies in Marina Warner’s Indigo and The Leto Bundle. Studies in the Novel, 41, 3: 330-347. Rushdie, Salman. 1991. Imaginary Homelands. Essays and Criticism 1981-1991. London: Granta. Said, Edward. 1984. The Mind of Winter. Reflections of Life in Exile. Harper’s Magazine, 54- 55. Said, Edward. [1993] 1994. Culture and Imperialism. New York: Vintage. Said, Edward. 2003. Preface. Orientalism. London: Penguin, xi-xxiv. Said, Edward. 2004. Humanism and Democratic Criticism. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. 1993. Can the Subaltern Speak? Patrick William & Laura Chrisman eds. Colonial Discourse andPost-Colonial Theory. A Reader. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester, 66-111. Warner, Marina. [1992] 1993. Indigo. London: Vintage. Warner, Marina. 1992. Marina Warned interviewed by David Dabydeen. Kunapipi, 14, 2: 115-123. Warner, Marina. 1993. Between the Colonist and the Creole: Family Bonds, Family Boundaries. Anna Rutherford ed. UnbecomingDaughters of Empire. Sydney: Dangaroo Press. Warner, Marina. 1994. Indigo. Mapping the Waters. Études Britanniques Contemporaines n° 5. Montpellier: Presses Tniversitaires de Montpellier, 5-10. Warner, Marina. 1994. Managing Monsters: Six Myths of our Time: The 1994 Reith Lectures. London: Vintage. Warner, Marina. 1995. From the Beast to the Blonde: On Fairy Tales and Their Tellers. London: Vintage. Warner, Marina. 2003a. Fantastic Metamorphoses, Other Worlds: Ways of Telling the Self. Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press. Warner, Marina. 2003b. Signs & Wonders: Essays on Literature & Culture. London: Chatto & Windus. Williams-Wanquet, Eileen. 2005. Marina Warner’s Indigo as Ethical Deconstruction and Reconstruction. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction, 46, 3: 267-282. Zabus, Chantal. 1994. Spinning a Yarn with Marina Warner. Kunapipi, 16, 1: 519-529. Zabus, Chantal. 2002. Caribbean Increments to Miranda’s Story. Chantal Zabus ed. Tempests after Shakespeare. New York: Palgrave, 129-154.
“Albion beheld hy beauty”. Vala, Jerusalem and Blake’s Holistic Approach to the Cosmos
Moving from the current relevance of Blakean studies and focusing on the two female characters of Vala and Jerusalem, this essay discusses the author’s still debated approach towards nature and femininity. Vala’s role as a terrifying goddess of Nature can be reassessed if read in the light of the symbolism of the Egyptian deity Isis, in its turn associated with the topos of the veil and with the weaving imagery. Also considering the figures of Thel and Lyca, this study is an attempt to demonstrate that Blake’s revolutionary use of the writ- ten and visual media celebrates the necessity of an empathic identification between the Human, the Natural, and the Divine: on the model of ancient Mysteries, this relationship of inter-in-dependence between microcosm and macrocosm can be comprehended only through initiatory revelation. DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-139 Bibliography Apuleius of Madauros. 1975. The Isis-Book (Metamorphoses, Book XI). John Gwyn Griffiths ed. and trans. Leiden: E. J. Brill. Assmann, Jan. 1997. Moses the Egyptian: the Memory of Egypt in Western Monotheism. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press. Assmann, Jan. 2001. The Search for God in Ancient Egypt. Translated from the German by David Lorton. Ithaca-London: Cornell University Press [1984. Ägypten: Theologie und Fröm- migkeit einer frühen Hochkultur. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer]. Barkan, Leonard. 2013. Mute Poetry, Speaking Pictures. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Beer, John B. 1969. Blake’s Visionary Universe. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Beer, John B. 2007. Coleridge the Visionary. Tirril: Humanistic-Ebooks [1969. London: Chatto & Windus]. Blake, William. 1972. Complete Writings. Geoffrey Keynes ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Böhme, Jacob. 1651. Signatura Rerum: or the Signature of all Things. London: Printed by John Macock for Gyles Calvert. [1622. Jacob Böhme. De Signatura Rerum oder von der Geburt und Bezeichnung aller Wesen]. Bouwer, Izak & Paul McNally. 1978-1079. “The Mental Traveller”: Man’s Eternal Journey in Blake. An Illustrated Quarterly, 12, 3: 184-192. Brann, Noel. 1985. Alchemy and Melancholy in Medieval and Renaissance Thought: A Que- ry into the Mystical Basis of their Relationship. Ambix, 32, 3: 127-148. Bruder, Helen. 1997. William Blake and the Daughters of Albion. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Bruder, Helen. 2006. Blake and Gender Studies. Nicholas M. Williams ed. Palgrave Advances in William Blake Studies. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 132-166. Bruder, Helen & T. Connolly eds. 2013. Sexy Blake. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Colebrook, Claire. 2000. Blake and Feminism: Romanticism and the Question of the Other. Blake. An Illustrated Quarterly, 34, 4-13. Cottle, Amos Simon & Robert Southey. 1797. Icelandic Poetry, or The Edda of Saemund. Bristol. Cudworth, Ralph & Johann Lorenz Mosheim. 1845. The True Intellectual System of the Uni- verse. 3 vols. John Harrison trans. London: T. Tegg. Damon, Samuel Foster. 1988. A Blake Dictionary. The Ideas and Symbols of William Blake [revised edition with a new foreword and annotated bibliography by Morris Eaves]. Hanover-Lon- don: University Press of New England. Eaves, Morris. 1993. The sister arts in British Romanticism. Stuart Curran ed. The Cambridge Companion to British Romanticism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 236-269. Eliade, Mircea. 1965. Le sacré et le profane. Paris: Gallimard. Eliade, Mircea. 1994. Rites and Symbols of Initiation. The Mysteries of Birth and Rebirth. Trans- lated from the French by Willard R. Trask. Putnam (CT): Spring Publications [1959. Mircea Eliade. Naissances Mystiques. Essai sur quelques types d’initiation. Paris: Gallimard]. Ferber, Michael. 1985. The Social Vision of William Blake. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Frye, Northrop. 1966. Poetry and Design in William Blake. Northrop Frey ed. Blake. A Collec- tion of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice-Hall, 119-124. Gilchrist, Alexandre. 1969. Life of William Blake. 2 vols. New York: Phaeton Press. Grimal, Pierre.1951. Dictionnaire de la mythologie grecque et romaine. Paris: Presses Universi- taires de France. Hadot, Pierre. 2006. The veil of Isis: An Essay on the History of the Idea of Nature. Michael Chase trans. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press [2004. Pierre Hadot. Le voile d’Isis. Essai sur l’histoire de l’idée de nature. Paris: Gallimard]. Hilton, Nelson. 1983. Literal Imagination: Blake’s Vision of Words. Berkeley: University of California Press. Hutchings, Kevin. 2002. Imagining Nature: Blake’s Environmental Poetics. Montreal-Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press. Jung, Carl Gustav. 1923. Psychological Types or The Study of Individuation. Godwyn Baynes trans. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. [1921. Carl Gustav Jung. Psychologische Typen. Zürich: Rascher]. Keynes, Geoffrey ed. 1972. Blake: Complete Writings. London: Oxford University Press. Lee, Rensselaer W. 1967. Ut Pictura Poesis: the Humanistic Theory of Painting. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. Lefcowitz, Barbara F. 1974. Blake and the Natural World in PMLA, 89, 1: 121-131. Lessing, Gottold Ephraim. 1887. Laocoon. An Essay upon the Limits of Painting and Poetry. Ellen Frothingham trans. Boston: Roberts Brothers. [1766. Gottold Ephraim Lessing. Laokoon: oder über die Grenzen der Mahlerey und Poesie. Mit beyläufigen Erlaeuterungen verschiedner Punkte der alten Kunstgeschichte. Berlin: Christian Friedrich Voss]. Lincoln, Andrew. 1995. Spiritual History: A Reading of William Blake’s Vala, or, The Four Zoas. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Linden, Stanton J. Ed. 2003. The Alchemy Reader. From Hermes Trismegistus to Isaac Newton. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Mellor, Anne K. 1971. The Human Form Divine and the Structure of Blake’s Jerusalem. Stud- ies in English Literature, 1500-1900, 11, 4: 595-620. Mellor, Anne K. 1982-1983. Blake’s Portrayal of Women. Blake: An Illustrated Quarterly, 16, 3: 148-155. Mellor, Anne K. 1993. Romanticism and Gender. London: Routledge. Mitchell, William John Thomas. 1978. Blake’s Composite Art. A Study of the Illuminated Poetry. Princeton: Princeton University Press. O’Donoghue, Heather. 2014. English Poetry and Old Norse Myth: A History. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Paley, Morton D. 1973. The Figure of the Garment in The Four Zoas, Milton, & Jerusalem. Stuart Curran & Joseph Anthony Wittreich eds. Blake’s Sublime Allegory. Essays on The Four Zoas, Milton, & Jerusalem. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 119-139. Panikkar, Raimon. 2010. The Rhythm of Being. The Unbroken Trinity. The Gifford Lectures. Maryknoll (NY): Orbis Books. Plutarch. 1744. Treatise of Isis and Osiris. Translated into English by S. Squire in Plutarchi De Iside et Osiride Liber: Graece et Anglice. Cantabrigiae: Typis Academicis. Porphyry. 1788. Concerning the Cave of the Nymphs. Translated into English by Thomas Tay- lor. George Mills Harper & Kathleen Raine eds. 1969. Thomas Taylor the Platonist. Selected Writings. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Raine, Kathleen. 1963. Blake’s Debt to Antiquity. The Sewanee Review, 71, 3: 352-450. Raine, Kathleen. 1968. Blake and Tradition. 2 vols. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Romero Allué, Milena. 2010. “Four Mighty Ones are in Every Man”. The Feminine and the Masculine in Blake’s System. Antonella Riem Natale et al. eds. Partnership Id-Entities. Cultur- al and Literary Re-Inscription/s of the Feminine. Udine: Forum, 125-145. Sklar, Susanne M. 2011. Blake’s Jerusalem As Visionary Theatre: Entering the Divine Body. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Tate Britain, Exhibition “William Blake: the Artist”, https://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-britain/exhibition/william-blake-artist (consulted on 27/05/2019).
Narrative Empathy in James Bradley’s Clade: Disability, Ecosickness and Hope
In his latest novel Clade (2015), Australian author James Bradley portrays apocalyptic scenarios in the aftermath of the ubiquitous climate change that is affecting our planet, while following the human conflicts of three generations of the Leith family. And yet, this article argues that the novel privileges an optative mood instead of the traditional collective catastrophe of canonical eco-fiction. To do so, the article scrutinises some formal strategies of narrative empathy, such as character identification and multiple focalisation, which favour the reader’s emotional engagement. In the novel, vulnerable manifestations disclose a profound empathic orientation, addressing an ethics of care that implicates the reader affectively. DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-138 Bibliography Bradley, James. 1997. Wrack. London: Vintage. Bradley, James. 1999. The Deep Field. New York: Henry Holt & Co. Bradley, James. 2006. The Resurrectionist. Sydney: Pan Macmillan. Bradley, James. 2015a. Clade. London: Titan Books. Bradley, James. 2015b. The End of Nature and Post-Naturalism: Fiction and the Anthropo- cene, https://cityoftongues.com/2015/12/30/the-end-of-nature-and-post-naturalism-fic- tion-and-the-anthropocene/ (consulted on 21/03/2019). Buell, Frederick. 2003. From Apocalypse to Way of Life: Environmental Crisis in the American Century. London-New York: Routledge. “Clade”. Definition of clade in English. English Oxford Living Dictionaries, https://www.lex- ico.com/en/definition/clade (consulted on 26/03/2019). Coplan, Amy. 2004. Empathic Engagement with Narrative Fictions. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, 62, 2: 141-152. Coplan, Amy & Peter Goldie. 2011. Introduction. Amy Coplan & Peter Goldie eds. Empathy: Philosophical and Psychological Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press, ix-xlvii. Defoe, Daniel. 2003 [1772]. A Journal of the Plague Year. London: Penguin. Freud, Sigmund. 1956 [1917]. Mourning and Melancholia. James Strachey ed. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud. Vol. 14. London: The Hogarth Press, 243-258. Ganteau, Jean-Michel. 2015. The Ethics and Aesthetics of Vulnerability in Contemporary British Fiction. New York: Routledge. Garrard, Greg. 2004. Ecocriticism. Abingdon-New York: Routledge. Goldie, Peter. 2011. Anti-Empathy. Amy Coplan & Peter Goldie eds. Empathy: Philosophical and Psychological Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 302-317. Hirsch, Marianne. 2014. Vulnerable Times. Modern Language Association, https://apps.mla.org/pdf/pres_theme_invitation_2014.pdf (consulted on 29/03/2019). Houser, Heather. 2016. Ecosickness in Contemporary U.S. Piction: Environment and Affect. New York: Columbia University Press. Keen, Suzanne. 2007. Empathy and the Novel. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kristeva, Julia. 1984 [1979]. Revolutions in Poetic Language. New York: Columbia University Press. Leake, Eric. 2014. Humanizing the Inhumane: The Value of Difficult Empathy. Meghan Marie Hammond & Sue J. Kim eds. Rethinking Empathy through Literature. New York: Routledge, 175-186. Nussbaum, Martha. 1995. Poetic Justice: The Literary Imagination and Public Life. Boston: Beacon. Pierce, Peter. 2015. The Catastrophe Business: Clade by James Bradley. Sydney Review of Books. 20 March, https://sydneyreviewofbooks.com/clade-james-bradley/ (consulted on 27/03/2019). Trexler, Adam. 2015. Anthropocene Fictions: The Novel in a Time of Climate Change. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press.
Building Empathy and Intercultural Citizenship through a Virtual Exchange Project
The article explores possibilities of creating a space to develop empathy in teaching foreign languages and cultures. It draws upon studies on empathy (Deardoff 2006; Bloom 2016; Guntersdsorfer & Goulbeva 2018), the ideas of intercultural competence and citizenship (Byram 1997, 2008; Byram et al. 2017) and “thirdspace” as theorised by Edward Soja (1996), highlighting the importance of emotions in intercultural education. If we consider the phenomenon of the “spatial turn” in its pedagogical dimension, Soja’s conceptualisation of a “thirdspace” can be connected to the development of an alternative learning space for interlinguistic and intercultural interactions, enhanced and shaped by social relationships, designed through cross-institutional collaborations, and achieved through virtual exchanges. A space that is built in terms of the lived experiences of those who inhabit it can foster empathy. The author presents a virtual exchange project for intercultural citizenship between Italy and the U.S.A. where one of the key objectives is building empathy and allowing the verbalisation of students’ emotional understanding. DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-136 Bibliography Ames, Daniel, Lily Benjamin Maissen & Joel Brockner. 2012. The Role of Listening in Inter- personal Influence. Journal of Research in Personality, 46: 345-349. Bennett, Janet M. 2008. Transformative Training: Designing Programs for Culture Learning. Michael A. Moodian ed. Contemporary Leadership and Intercultural Competence: Exploring the Cross-cultural Dynamics within Organizations. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage, 95-110. Bloom, Paul. 2016. Against Empathy. London: Bodley Head. Breithaupt, Fritz 2017a. Kulturen der Empathie. 5. Auflage. Berlin: Suhrkamp. Breithaupt, Fritz 2017b. Die Dunklen Seiten der Empathie. 3. Auflage. Berlin: Suhrkamp. Byram, Michael. 1989. Cultural Studies in Foreign Language Education. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Byram, Michael. 1997. Teaching and Assessing Intercultural Communicative Competence. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Byram, Michael. 2008. From Foreign Language Education to Education for Intercultural Citizenship. Essays and Reflections. Clevedon-BuYalo-Toronto: Multilingual Matters. Byram, Michael. 2009. Intercultural Competences in Foreign Languages. The Intercultural Speaker and the Pedagogy of Foreign Language Education. D. K. DeardorY ed. The SAGE Handbook of Intercultural Competence. London: SAGE Publications, 321-332. Byram, Michael. 2014. Twenty-five Years on From Cultural Studies to Intercultural Citizenship. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 27, 3: 209-225. Byram, Michael, Irina Golubeva, Han Hui & Manuela Wagner eds. 2017. Introduction. From Principles to Practice in Education for Intercultural Citizenship. Bristol-BuYalo-Toronto: Multilingual Matters, 21-35. DeardorY, Darla K. 2006. The Identification and Assessment of Intercultural Competence. Journal of Studies in International Education, 10, 3: 241-266. DeardorY, Darla K. & Lily A. Arasaratnam-Smith eds. 2017. Intercultural Competence in High- er Education International Approaches, Assessment and Application. New York: Routledge. Epley, Nicholas. 2015. Mindwise. Why we Misunderstand What Others Think, Believe, Feel, and Want. New York: Vintage Books. Foucault, Michel. 1986 [1984]. Des espaces autres in Architecture, Mouvement, Continuité, 5 (October): 46-49; “Other Spaces: Ttopias and Heterotopias” translated by Jay Miskowiec. Diacritics, 16, 1 (Spring): 22-27. Goleman, Daniel. 1995. Emotional Intelligence. London: Bloomsbury. Goleman, Daniel. 1998. Working with Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam Books. Guntersdorfer, Ivett & Irina Golubeva. 2018. Emotional Intelligence and Intercultural Competence: Theoretical Questions and Pedagogical Possibilities. Intercultural Communication Education, 1, 2: 54-63. Hollingsworth, Lisa A., Mary J. Didelot & Judith O. Smith. 2003. REACH Beyond Tolerance: A Framework for Teaching Children Empathy and Responsibility. The Journal of Humanistic Counseling, 42, 2 (Fall): 139-151. Johnson, Scott D. & Curt Bechler. 1998. Examining the Relationship between Listening Ef- fectiveness and Leadership Emergence: Perceptions, Behaviors, and Recall. Small Group Re- search, 29: 452-471. Knierbein, Sabine. 2015. Public Space as Relational Counter Space: Scholarly Minefield or Epistemological Opportunity? Tornaghi Chiara & Sabine Knierbein eds. Public Space and Relational Perspectives. New Challenges for Architecture and Planning. Abingdon: Francis & Taylor, 42-63. Leask, Betty. 2015. Internationalising the curriculum. Abingdon: Routledge. Lefebvre, Henri. 1991 [1974]. La production de l’espace. Paris: Éditions Anthropos; The Production of Space, translated by D. Nicholson-Smith. Oxford: Blackwell. Liddicoat, Anthony J. & Angela Scarino. 2013. Intercultural Language Teaching and Learning, Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Mayer, John D. & Peter Salovey. 1997. What is Emotional Intelligence? Peter Salovey & David J. Sluyter eds. Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence. New York: Basic Books. O’Dowd, Robert. 2006. Telecollaboration and the Development of Intercultural Communicative Competence. Berlin: Langenscheidt. O’Dowd, Robert. 2017 [3rd ed.]. Online Intercultural Exchange and Language Education. Thorne Steven L. & May Stephen eds. Language, Education and Technology. Encyclopedia of Language and Education. Cham: Springer, 1-12. O’Dowd, Robert. 2018. From Telecollaboration to Virtual Exchange: State-of-the-art and the Role of TNICollaboration in Moving Forward. Journal of Virtual Exchange, 1: 1-23. O’Dowd, Robert & Paige Ware. 2009. Critical Issues in Telecollaborative Task Design. Computer Assisted Language learning, 22, 2: 173-188. O’Dowd, Robert & Tim Lewis. 2016. Online Intercultural Exchange: Policy, Pedagogy, Practice. New York: Routledge. Porto, Melina. 2014. Intercultural Citizenship Education in an EFL Online Project in Argentina in Language and Intercultural Communication, doi:10.1080/14708477.2014.890625. Porto, Melina & Michael Byram. 2015. A Curriculum for Action in the Community and In- tercultural Citizenship in Higher Education. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 28: 226-242. Porto, Melina, Ann Houghton Stephanie & Michael Byram. 2017. Intercultural Citizen- ship in the (Foreign) Language Classroom. Language Teaching Research, 22, 5: 484-498, doi:10.1177/1362168817718580. Riess, Helen. 2017. The Science of Empathy. Journal of Patient Experience, 4, 2: 74-77. Salovey, Peter & John D. Mayer. 1990. Emotional Intelligence in Imagination, Cognition, and Personality, 9, 3: 185-211. Scarino, Angela. 2014. Learning as Reciprocal, Interpretive Meaning-Making: A View from Collaborative Research into the Professional Learning of Teachers of Languages. The Modern Language Journal, 98, 1: 368-401. Soja, Edward W. 1989. Postmodern Geographies: The Reassertion of Space in Critical Social Theory. London: Verso. Soja, Edward W. 1996. Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and Other Real-and-Imagined Places. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. Soja, Edward W. 2010. Seeking Social Justice. Minneapolis-London: Tniversity of Minnesota Press. Wagner, Manuela & Michael Byram. 2017. Intercultural Citizenship. Y. Y. Kim ed. The International Encyclopedia of Intercultural Communication. Oxford: Wiley, 1-6. Warf, Barney & Santa Arias eds. 2009. The Spatial Turn: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. New York-London: Routledge.
We Are Going by Oodgeroo Noonuccal. Aboriginal Epos, Australian History, Universal Poetry
The first collection of poetry by an Aboriginal author, Oodgeroo Noonuccal, was published in 1964 by Jacaranda Press. We Are Going embodies key features of Aboriginal literature and can be interpreted as an Aboriginal epos as well as a document in Australian history. Individual stories often painfully interface with the macro-history of white policies towards Indigenous people. This poetical remembering of a recent and traumatic past becomes a form of recovery from trauma itself, since Oodgeroo’s poetics preserve the memory of a much older past, the one of pre-invasion Indigenous culture. This paper aims at analysing Oodgeroo’s poems in this perspective, by focussing on both their epical and historical features, while keeping in mind their specificity as artistic, literary, and poetic texts. The experience of translating We Are Going for its first Italian edition (Oodgeroo 2013) has been greatly instrumental in coming to terms with the richness and significance of the poems. DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-132 Bibliography Assmann, Aleida. 2006. Memory, Individual and Collective. Robert E. Goodin & Charles Tilly eds. The Oxford Handbook of Contextual Political Analysis. Oxford: Oxford Tniversity Press, 210-224. Brathwaite, Edward Kamau. 1995. Nation Language. B. Ashcroft, G. Griffiths & H. Tiffin eds. The Postcolonial StudiesReader. London: Routledge, 309-313. Carlson, Keith T., Kristina Fagan & Natalia Khanenko-Friesen eds. 2011. Orality and Literature: Reflections Across Disciplines. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Carroll, Noël & John Gibson eds. 2011. Narrative, Emotion, and Insight. University Park (PA): The Pennsylvania State University Press. Deleuze, Gilles e Félix Guattari. 1996. Kafka. Per una letteratura minore. Macerata: Quodlibet. Di Blasio, Francesca e Margherita Zanoletti. 2013. Oodgeroo Noonuccal, con We Are Going/E noi andiamo. Trento: Editrice Università degli Studi di Trento, Collana Labirinti. Di Blasio, Francesca. 2005. The Pelican and the Wintamarra Tree: voci della letteratura aborigena australiana. Trento: Editrice Università degli Studi di Trento, Collana Labirinti. Di Blasio, Francesca. 2009. Memory is Desire: Epistemological Premises and Desiring Textualities in Indigenous Australian Literature. Textus, 23, 1: 270-298. Di Blasio, Francesca. 2013a. Passato progressivo: “Written On Paperbark”. Di Blasio, Francesca. 2013b. La disseminazione del margine: leggere la letteratura australiana delle donne. Mercedes Arriaga Flórez, Salvatore Bartolotta & Milagro Martín Clavijo eds. Ausencias: escritoras en los márgenes de la cultura. Sevilla: ArCiBel, 348-365. Di Blasio, Francesca. 2016. “I am born of the conquerors, you of the persecuted”: la Storia s/velata nella poesia di Judith Wrighte e Oodgeroo Noonuccal. Daniele Cerrato ed. Desde los margenes: narraciones y representaciones femininas. Sevilla: Benilde Ediciones, 43-54. Di Blasio, Francesca. 2018. “Pretty deadly tidda business”: la Storia in una vita, la vita in una storia. Rita Huggins e Jackie Huggins [1994]. Auntie Rita, Introduzione. Francesca Di Blasio (traduzione e a cura di). Prefazione di Jackie Huggins. Verona: Delmiglio,9 37. Gallagher, Catherine & Stephen Greenblatt. 2000. Practicing New Historicism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Kohn, Margaret & Keally McBride. 2011. Political Theories of Decolonization: Postcolonialism and the Problem of Foundations.Oxford: Oxford University Press. Locatelli, Angela ed. 2010. La conoscenza della letteratura/The Knowledge of Literature, Vol. 9. Bergamo: Bergamo University Press, Edizioni Sestante. Mitchell, Susan. 1987. The Matriarchs: Twelve Australian Women Talk About Their Lives to Susan Mitchell. Ringwood (Vic.): Penguin Australia. Oodgeroo Noonuccal/Kath Walker. 1964. We Are Going. Brisbane: The Jacaranda Press. Oodgeroo Noonuccal/Kath Walker. 1964. We Are Going: Poems. Brisbane: The Jacaranda Press. Oodgeroo Noonuccal/Kath Walker. 1966. The Dawn is at Hand: Poems. Brisbane: The Jacaranda Press. Oodgeroo Noonuccal. 1988. Kath Walker in China. Milton (Qld.): The Jacaranda Press. Oodgeroo Noonuccal. 1990. My People. Milton (Qld.): The Jacaranda Press. Oodgeroo Noonuccal/Kath Walker. 2013. We Are Going/E noi andiamo. Francesca Di Blasio e Margherita Zanoletti. OodgerooNoonuccal, con We Are Going/E noi andiamo. Trento: Editrice Università degli Studi di Trento, Collana Labirinti. Ricoeur, Paul. 2000. La mémoire, l’histoire, l’oubli. Paris: Seuil. Riem, Antonella. 2017. A Gesture of Reconciliation Partnership Studies in Australian Literature. Udine: Forum. Shoemaker, Adam. 2004. Black Words White Page: Aboriginal Literature 1929–1988. Canberra: Australian National University Press. White, Hayden. 1987. The Content of Form: Narrative Discourse and Historical Representation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. White, Hayden. 2010. The Fiction of Narrative: Essays on History, Literature, and Theory. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UniversityPress.
‘To Inhabit in Tranquility’: Landscape, Vision and Empathy in Ford Madox Ford’s No Enemy
In Ford Madox Ford’s No Enemy, the mortal threat posed by the war affects the forms and even the possibility of empathy. After showing how he participates in contemporary discourses on Einfühlung, I investigate his musings on the distortions of his sympathetic imagination and his grief for mutilated territories. The aim is to show how rare surreal visions of landscapes untouched by the war offer him the possibility of reconnecting himself with the deepest thoughts, fears and longings of his fellow beings. Recent psychological research on different levels of empathy and its impairment under stress provide the conceptual framework of my analysis. DOI: 10.17456/SIMPLE-130 Bibliography Chantler, Ashley & Rob Hawkes. 2015. War and the Mind: Ford Madox Ford’s Parade’s End, Modernism and Psychology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Conrad, Joseph. 1979. Preface. The Nigger of the “Narcissus”. Robert Kimbrough ed. New York: Norton, 145-148. Cooke, Simon. 2008. Unprofitable Excursions: On the Ethics of Empathy in Modernist Discourses on Art and Literature. Astrid Erll, Herbert Graves & Ansgar Nünning eds. Ethics in Culture: The Dissemination of Values through Literature and Other. Berlin:de Gruyter, 153-170. Ford, Ford Madox. 1934. It Was the Nightingale. London: Heinemann. Ford, Ford Madox. 1984. No Enemy. A Tale of Reconstruction. New York: The Ecco Press. Ford, Ford Madox. 1992. The Good Soldier. Thomas Moser ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ford, Ford Madox. 1997. Parade’s End. Gerald Hammond ed. Manchester: Carcanet. Ford, Ford Madox. 1999. War Prose. Max Saunders ed. Manchester: Carcanet. Hammond, Meghan Marie. 2015. Fellow Feeling in Ford’s Last Post: Modernist Empathy and the Eighteenth-Century Man. Ashley Chantler & Rob Hawkes eds. War and the Mind: Ford Madox Ford’s Parade’s End, Modernism and Psychology.Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 63-76. Hammond, Meghan Marie. 2014. Empathy and the Psychology of Literary Modernism. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Keen, Suzanne. 2007. Empathy and the Novel. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Koopman, Eva Maria (Emy). 2015. Empathic reactions after reading: The role of genre, personal factors and affective responses. Poetics, 50 (June): 62-79. Lanzoni, Susan. 2018. Empathy. A History. New Haven: Yale Tniversity Press. Lefebvre, Henri. 1991. The Production of Space. Donald Nicholson-Smith trans. Oxford: Black- well. Martin, Kristy. 2013. Modernism and the Rhythms of Sympathy: Vernon Lee, Virginia Woolf, D. H. Lawrence. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Nietlisbach, Gabriela, Andreas Maercker, Wulf Rössler & Helene Haker. 2010. Are Empathic Abilities Impaired in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder?. Psychological Reports, 106, 3: 832-844. Saunders, Max. 1996. Ford Madox Ford. A Dual Life. Vol II. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sontag, Susan. 2003. Regarding the Pain of Others. London: Penguin. Sorum, Eve. 2015. Trauma, and the Space of War in Parade’s End. Ashley Chantler & Rob Hawkes eds. War and the Mind: FordMadox Ford’s Parade’s End, Modernism and Psychology. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 50-62. Stang, Sondra J. 1977. Ford Madox Ford. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co. Stang, Sondra J. & Karen Cochran eds. 1994. The Correspondence of Ford Madox Ford and Stella Bowen. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Weiss, D. S. 2010. Emergency Personnel in Distress. George Fink ed. Stress of War, Conflict and Disaster. San Diego: Academic Press, 770-774. Wordsworth, William. 1992. Preface. William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Lyrical Ballads. Second Edition. London-New York: Routledge, 55-86. Worringer, Wilhelm. 1997. Abstraction and Empathy: A Contribution to the Psychology of Style. Michael Bullock. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee.